Erythranthe geyeri |
Erythranthe cinnabarina |
|
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Geyer's monkeyflower, mimule de James |
Arizona big red monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at nodes. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | decumbent-ascending to ascending or erect-ascending, branched, (3–)10–40 cm, glabrous. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–60 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 3–10(–20) mm or 0 mm distally; blade palmately 3–5-veined, suborbicular to depressed-ovate or broadly elliptic-ovate to reniform, 6–25 mm, relatively even-sized or largest often at mid stem, bracteal reduced, base cuneate to truncate or subcordate, margins shallowly dentate to crenate-dentate, teeth 3–7(–10) per side, apex rounded, adaxial surface of distals sparsely short villous-glandular or glabrous. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate, 60–125 × 25–46 mm, base narrowly auriculate, clasping to subclasping, margins shallowly dentate, teeth sharp-pointed, apex acute, adaxial surface glabrous or minutely sessile- or stipitate-glandular along veins, lamina glabrous. |
Flowers | plesiogamous, 2–8(–12), from distal nodes, sometimes from most nodes, very loosely racemose. |
herkogamous, 2–4(–8), axillary at leafy distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, sparsely red-dotted or not, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 6–8 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 5–8 mm. |
deep orange, dull orange, red-orange, or deep scarlet, throat yellow-orange, dark red stripes leading onto basal part of lobes, not spotted, palate ridges red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 29–36 mm, exserted 7–12 mm beyond calyx margin; throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous, hairs yellowish. |
Fruiting pedicels | 18–30 mm, sparsely short villous-glandular or glabrous. |
50–95 mm. |
Fruiting calyces | obtriangular to broadly obtriangular or deeply cupulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, (7–)8–12 mm, sparsely short villous-glandular or glabrous, throat not closing, lateral lobes shallowly convex-mucronulate, adaxial ovate with apex rounded. |
cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, (27–)29–34 mm, minutely stipitate- or sessile-glandular, lobes 7–10 mm, ovate, apex abruptly attenuate to linear-caudate. |
Capsules | included, (4.5–)5–8 mm. |
included, 14–18 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 30. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe geyeri |
Erythranthe cinnabarina |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Aug(–Oct). | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | Edges of flowing streams, marsh edges, drainage ditches, seepage areas, springs, muddy or moist banks. | Canyons, ravines, streambeds and margins, riparian vegetation, mixed conifer forest. |
Elevation | 200–2500 m. (700–8200 ft.) | 2100–3300 m. (6900–10800 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CO; IA; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; NE; NM; OK; PA; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; ON; QC; SK; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Distrito Federal, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, México, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
|
AZ |
Discussion | Erythranthe geyeri has commonly been regarded as conspecific with E. glabrata (Kunth) G. L. Nesom (as Mimulus glabratus var. jamesii), but typical E. glabrata has a different chromosome number and distinct morphology and its range does not reach the United States. In Mexico, the two species are broadly sympatric without intermediates. An allozyme study of the M. glabratus complex (R. K. Vickery 1990) indicated that the Great Plains populations of E. geyeri are distinct from those in New Mexico and Mexico, corresponding to a difference in pedicel vestiture. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe cinnabarina is similar to typical E. cardinalis in its spreading anther thecae, relatively short-exserted corolla tube, and its reflexing corolla lobes but distinct in its generally larger leaves with reduced vestiture, fewer flowers, larger calyx and corolla, apically caudate calyx lobes, and its separate geographical range. Erythranthe cinnabarina occurs in Cochise County (Chiricahua Mountains), Graham County (Pinaleño Mountains), and Pima County (Santa Catalina Mountains). Erythranthe verbenacea, with which it sometimes has been confused, occurs at lower elevations (350–2600 m) and ranges over most of the state (Apache, Cochise, Coconino, Gila, Graham, La Paz, Maricopa, Mohave, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Yavapai counties). Erythranthe cinnabarina apparently occurs alone (without E. verbenacea) in the Pinaleño Mountains and in the Chiricahua Mountains, but both species have been abundantly documented in the Santa Catalina Mountains, where they sometimes closely co-occur in areas of elevational overlap (for example, at Marshall Gulch, about 2500 m; at Bear Wallow Campground, about 2600 m). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 406. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus geyeri, M. glabratus var. fremontii, M. glabratus var. jamesii, M. glabratus var. oklahomensis, M. jamesii, M. jamesii var. fremontii | |
Name authority | (Torrey) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) | G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2014-31: 16, figs. 16, 17. (2014) |
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