Erythranthe geniculata |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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bent-stem monkeyflower, Dudley's monkeyflower |
cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower |
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Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | ascending to decumbent or prostrate, geniculate at nodes, simple or diffusely branched, 5–60 cm, moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular and also 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate. |
Leaves | basal and cauline, basal usually deciduous by flowering; petiole 2–10(–35) mm; blade pinnately to subpinnately veined, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate to triangular, 8–35 × 5–30 mm, base cuneate to rounded or subcordate, margins serrate or dentate, teeth 3–10 per side, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular, and 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate. |
Flowers | herkogamous, (1–)6–20, from all or medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, without white patches, throat red-spotted, spots concentrated or becoming coalescent into a somewhat discrete splotch at base of each of 3 abaxial lobes and sometimes 2 adaxial, bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric, 9–12 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 10–18 mm diam. |
scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | 12–26(–55) mm, moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular and also 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
30–90(–120) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | red-spotted, campanulate-cylindric, weakly inflated, (5–)6–8 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, sparsely to moderately villous-glandular, ribs shallowly wing-angled, lobes pronounced, erect to spreading or spreading-recurving. |
cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute. |
Capsules | included, 4–6(–7) mm. |
included, 10–16 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 32. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe geniculata |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Granite crevices, canyon slopes, talus, crevices in volcanic outcrops, edges of boulders, roadsides, damp sandy soils, sandy water edges, gravelly soils and creek bottoms. | Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges. |
Elevation | 200–900(–1200) m. (700–3000(–3900) ft.) | (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Erythranthe geniculata is known from an apparently disjunct cluster of populations in Butte, Sutter, and Yuba counties and then from Tuolumne and Stanislaus counties south to Kern County. Erythranthe geniculata, compared to E. floribunda, has larger, chasmogamous, and allogamous flowers. The anther pairs of E. geniculata are at different levels, and the stigma is slightly above the adaxial anther pair; in E. floribunda both anther pairs and the stigma are at the same level. Erythranthe arenaria, E. geniculata, and E. norrisii constitute a group of apparently closely related species within sect. Mimulosma endemic along the Sierra Nevada. All have ovate-petiolate leaves (only the basal ones are sometimes ovate in E. arenaria) with pinnate to subpinnate venation. The more widespread E. floribunda, which is part of the above group, also is similar, but all three endemics have larger corollas with the tube exserted at greater length beyond the calyx margin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California. Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 404. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus geniculatus, M. dudleyi, M. floribundus var. geniculatus | Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) | (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840) |
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