Erythranthe geniculata |
Erythranthe arenicola |
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bent-stem monkeyflower, Dudley's monkeyflower |
beach monkeyflower |
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Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or slender-taprooted, rarely rooting at nodes. |
Stems | ascending to decumbent or prostrate, geniculate at nodes, simple or diffusely branched, 5–60 cm, moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular and also 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
erect, rarely prostrate to prostrate-ascending, few-branched, 3–17 cm, moderately villous-glandular, hairs gland-tipped, or mixed hirtellous and stipitate-glandular. |
Leaves | basal and cauline, basal usually deciduous by flowering; petiole 2–10(–35) mm; blade pinnately to subpinnately veined, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate to triangular, 8–35 × 5–30 mm, base cuneate to rounded or subcordate, margins serrate or dentate, teeth 3–10 per side, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular, and 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
basal and cauline; petiole: basal 2–8 mm or mid and distals absent; blade palmately 3–5-veined, suborbicular to broadly ovate or depressed-ovate, 5–17 × 6–15 mm, base truncate or truncate-cuneate to subcordate, margins subentire or crenulate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces moderately villous-glandular, hairs gland-tipped, or mixed hirtellous and stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, (1–)6–20, from all or medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 1–6, at distal nodes, chasmogamous. |
Styles | glabrous. |
hirtellous. |
Corollas | yellow, without white patches, throat red-spotted, spots concentrated or becoming coalescent into a somewhat discrete splotch at base of each of 3 abaxial lobes and sometimes 2 adaxial, bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric, 9–12 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 10–18 mm diam. |
yellow, red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 11–20 mm, exserted 4–8 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 10–18 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | 12–26(–55) mm, moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular and also 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
9–17 mm, moderately villous-glandular, hairs gland-tipped, or mixed hirtellous and stipitate-glandular. |
Fruiting calyces | red-spotted, campanulate-cylindric, weakly inflated, (5–)6–8 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, sparsely to moderately villous-glandular, ribs shallowly wing-angled, lobes pronounced, erect to spreading or spreading-recurving. |
nodding, ovoid-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 9–16 mm, moderately villous-glandular, hairs gland-tipped, or mixed hirtellous and stipitate-glandular, throat closing. |
Capsules | included, 4–6(–7) mm. |
included, 5–12 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 32. |
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Erythranthe geniculata |
Erythranthe arenicola |
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Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Granite crevices, canyon slopes, talus, crevices in volcanic outcrops, edges of boulders, roadsides, damp sandy soils, sandy water edges, gravelly soils and creek bottoms. | Sandy beaches, especially in moist hollows among dunes, sea cliff bases, chaparral near beaches, mudstone outcrops. |
Elevation | 200–900(–1200) m. (700–3000(–3900) ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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CA |
Discussion | Erythranthe geniculata is known from an apparently disjunct cluster of populations in Butte, Sutter, and Yuba counties and then from Tuolumne and Stanislaus counties south to Kern County. Erythranthe geniculata, compared to E. floribunda, has larger, chasmogamous, and allogamous flowers. The anther pairs of E. geniculata are at different levels, and the stigma is slightly above the adaxial anther pair; in E. floribunda both anther pairs and the stigma are at the same level. Erythranthe arenaria, E. geniculata, and E. norrisii constitute a group of apparently closely related species within sect. Mimulosma endemic along the Sierra Nevada. All have ovate-petiolate leaves (only the basal ones are sometimes ovate in E. arenaria) with pinnate to subpinnate venation. The more widespread E. floribunda, which is part of the above group, also is similar, but all three endemics have larger corollas with the tube exserted at greater length beyond the calyx margin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
F. W. Pennell (1947, 1951) considered Erythranthe arenicola an endemic of Monterey County, but plants from adjacent San Luis Obispo and Santa Cruz counties also belong here. Most of the localities are at seaside, but some are more than a mile inland. Erythranthe arenicola is hypothesized here to be a derivative of E. guttata or E. grandis, retaining the herkogamous breeding system of its putative ancestor but reduced in size and duration. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 404. | FNA vol. 17, p. 412. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus geniculatus, M. dudleyi, M. floribundus var. geniculatus | Mimulus guttatus subsp. arenicola |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) | (Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) |
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