Flora of North America species comparison

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Erythranthe exigua

Erythranthe cardinalis

eye strain monkeyflower, San Bernardino Mountains monkeyflower

cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower
Habit Annuals, taprooted. Perennials, rhizomatous.
Stems

erect, simple, sometimes branched near base, 2–10 cm, minutely stipitate-glandular.

usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate.
Leaves

cauline;

petiole 0 mm;

blade 1-veined, obovate-oblong to narrowly elliptic, ovate, or narrowly ovate, 3–6 mm, base rounded to truncate or cuneate, margins entire or shallowly dentate, apex rounded, surfaces minutely stipitate-glandular.

usually cauline;

petiole 0 mm;

blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate.
Flowers

plesiogamous, (1 or)2–6, from distal or medial to distal nodes.

herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes.
Styles

glabrous.

glabrous.
Corollas

light lavender to purple, abaxial lobe and palate ridges with yellow patches, bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate;

tube-throat narrowly funnelform-cylindric, 1.5–2.5 mm, exserted 0.5 mm beyond calyx margin;

lobes spreading.

scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

throat open.
Fruiting pedicels

divergent-spreading, 15–20 mm, minutely stipitate-glandular.

30–90(–120) mm.
Fruiting calyces

campanulate, 2–2.5 mm, minutely stipitate-glandular.

cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute.
Capsules

distinctly exserted, 3–4 mm.

included, 10–16 mm.
Stigmas

persistent in fruit.

Anthers

included, glabrous.

exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading.
2n

= 16.

Erythranthe exigua

Erythranthe cardinalis
Phenology Flowering Jun–Jul. Flowering May–Sep.
Habitat Gentle slopes, along small streams, vernal creeks, pebble plains, openings in Jeffrey pine-juniper forests, runoff areas, vernal depressions, roadsides. Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges.
Elevation 1800–2400(–2600) m. (5900–7900(–8500) ft.) (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Plants of Erythranthe exigua are diminutive annuals with few nodes and greatly reduced leaves, corollas, and calyces, wide spreading pedicels, and lavender flowers with small but bilabiate limbs. The species is known only from the San Bernardino Mountains of San Bernardino County and in adjacent Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California.

Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 406. FNA vol. 17, p. 393.
Parent taxa Phrymaceae > Erythranthe Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa
E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms Mimulus exiguus Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens
Name authority (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 42. (2012) (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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