Erythranthe erubescens |
Erythranthe pardalis |
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California blushing monkeyflower |
Pennell's panther |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or taprooted. |
Stems | erect, usually simple, 25–90 cm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. |
decumbent-ascending, erect distally, simple, sometimes branched from proximal to medial nodes, 5–30 cm, short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm (to 1 mm on proximal portions of stems), gland-tipped. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic to ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, (20–)30–90 × 5–25(–35) mm, base rounded to cuneate, subclasping, margins denticulate, subentire, or entire, apex acute, surfaces stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. |
usually cauline, basal usually not persistent; petiole: proximals and medials 8–20 mm, distalmost 1–2 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, usually ovate or broadly ovate to depressed-ovate, proximals and medials 7–22 × 6–18 mm, sometimes largest at mid stem, base rounded or cuneate to gradually attenuate, margins shallowly dentate-serrate, teeth 2 or 3(–5) per side mostly distally, apex obtuse to obtuse-acuminate, surfaces sparsely villous to puberulent-glandular, hairs vitreous, gland-tipped, sometimes glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–8, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
plesiogamous, 2–12, usually evenly distributed from proximal to distal nodes, chasmogamous, anther pairs in larger corollas slightly separated, stigma at level of distal pair, or both anther pairs and stigma at same level; in smaller corollas without expanded limb and barely exserted beyond calyx margin, both anther pairs and stigma at same level. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | light pink, darker pink stripes down middle of each lobe, abaxial 3 lobes with a white basal patch, palate ridges yellow, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margins; lobe apex usually truncate, shallowly retuse, throat open. |
yellow, throat floor sometimes red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat narrowly funnelform to cylindric, 7–10(–12) mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–12 mm, palate villous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90 mm. |
10–35 mm, short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm, gland-tipped. |
Fruiting calyces | cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 15–22 mm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous, tube 14–19 × 6–8 mm, lobes subequal to distinctly unequal, ovate, apex linear-caudate. |
nodding 45–180º, consistently dark purple-spotted, cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–11 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent-glandular, sometimes minutely hirtellous, throat closing. |
Capsules | included, 7–13 mm. |
included, stipitate, 4–6 mm. |
Anthers | included, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 28. |
Erythranthe erubescens |
Erythranthe pardalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug. | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–May. |
Habitat | Springs and seeps, meadows, cliffs, steep rocky slopes, ridges. | Crevices of serpentine rock, stony red soils, red clay, among boulders, along streams, ditches, tailings at copper mines. |
Elevation | (1400–)1800–3000(–3500) m. ((4600–)5900–9800(–11500) ft.) | 100–700 m. (300–2300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; NV
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CA |
Discussion | Erythranthe erubescens was long identified as E. lewisii but is distinct in its light pink corollas (versus mostly magenta-rose to purplish in E. lewisii), more broadly cylindric calyx tube [14–19 × 6–8 mm versus 12–15(–17) × 9–12 mm], and its geographic range in the Sierra Nevada of California (versus widespread from southern Alaska south to northwestern California, northern Utah, eastern Nevada, and northern Colorado in E. lewisii). The two are genetically isolated and phylogenetically distinct (see summary of evidence in G. L. Nesom 2014b). In California, Erythranthe erubescens ranges from Modoc, Plumas, and Tehama counties south to Fresno County; in Nevada, it is known only from Washoe County and Carson City. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The relative constancy of Erythranthe pardalis in morphology suggests that genetic influence from other species is slight. It is recognized by its annual duration and relatively delicate habit, ovate to depressed-ovate leaves toothed mostly on the distal margins, small flowers produced from all nodes (proximal to distal), dark-spotted calyces, and stipitate-glandular cauline and foliar vestiture. While the corolla limbs are distinctly expanded, the tubes are only slightly exserted from the calyx, and flowers apparently are plesiogamous. The epithet pardalis alludes to the dark-spotted calyx. Plants of Erythranthe pardalis occur primarily on serpentine rocks and soils but also grow on copper tailings at mine sites. The species is known from Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer, Tehama, and Tuolumne counties. The plants in Tehama County, geographically and ecologically disjunct from the main range, were recorded as growing in basalt crevices. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. | FNA vol. 17, p. 420. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus pardalis, M. cupriphilus, M. guttatus var. cupriphilus, M. guttatus var. pardalis | |
Name authority | G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2014-31: 12, figs. 11–13. (2014) | (Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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