Erythranthe cordata |
Erythranthe lewisii |
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tinytooter monkeyflower |
great purple monkey-flower, great purple or Lewis' monkeyflower, Lewis' monkey flower, pink monkey-flower, purple monkey-flower |
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Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted, sometimes producing leafy runners from basal nodes, stems often rooting at proximal nodes and appearing rhizomelike. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | usually erect, usually simple, usually fistulose, 12–40(–100) cm, sparsely stipitate-glandular, hairs fine, gland-tipped. |
erect, usually simple, (15–)25–60(–75) cm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. |
Leaves | basal and cauline, basal persistent; petiole: basal and proximals 6–20(–40) mm, midcauline to distals 0 mm; blade not connate, palmately 3–5(–7)-veined, orbicular to broadly elliptic-ovate or oblong-elliptic, cauline becoming broadly ovate to narrowly reniform, basal and mid cauline 15–30(–50) mm, gradually reduced in size distally to 6 mm, basal largest, distal closely paired, auriculate-subclasping, base cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate, margins shallowly, evenly to unevenly dentate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic to ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or broadly oblanceolate, (10–)25–75(–90) × 5–35 mm, base rounded to cuneate, subclasping, margins denticulate, subentire, or entire, apex acute, surfaces stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. |
Flowers | plesiogamous, (5–)10–16, at distal nodes, in bracteate racemes, chasmogamous or cleistogamous. |
herkogamous, 2–6(–10), axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, red-spotted, abaxial limb deeper yellow, weakly bilaterally or radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or regular; tube-throat sometimes tubular and not opening (cleistogamous), 8–14 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb not expanded or expanded 9–14 mm. |
purple, rarely crimson, pale violet, white, pinkish white, yellowish white, or lavender, sometimes lined with red dots, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 22–28 mm, exserted beyond calyx margins; lobe apex usually truncate to shallowly convex, shallowly retuse, throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | 10–30(–45) mm, longer than subtending leaves, minutely stipitate-glandular. |
(25–)35–70 mm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. |
Fruiting calyces | nodding 45–90º, not red-dotted, broadly elliptic-ovoid, inflated, sagittally compressed, (8–)14–18(–20) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to hirsutulous, sometimes mixed glandular-hirsutulous, throat closing, adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial, not falcate. |
broadly cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 15–22 mm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous, tube 12–15(–17) × 9–12 mm. |
Capsules | included, stipitate, 5–7 mm. |
included, 6–11 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 60. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe cordata |
Erythranthe lewisii |
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Phenology | Flowering (Jan–)Mar–Jun(–Nov). | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Springs, seeps, stream edges, muddy banks, flood plains, marshes and swamps, wash bottoms, wet depressions, wet places among boulders. | Stream banks, springs, wet meadows, subalpine slopes, talus, crevices, ditches. |
Elevation | (600–)800–2400(–3000) m. ((2000–)2600–7900(–9800) ft.) | 600–2900(–3200) m. (2000–9500(–10500) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; UT
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AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | Erythranthe cordata is characterized by its fibrous-rooted habit (annual in duration, without rhizomes but commonly rooting at the proximal nodes), short corollas and autogamous reproduction (anthers and stigma at the same level), closed calyces, sparsely villous-glandular vestiture (lacking hirtellous, eglandular hairs), and stems commonly fistulose in larger plants. The short corollas and other features of autogamous reproduction of E. cordata are diagnostic and prominent. Plants of E. cordata are highly variable in size, from tiny fibrous-rooted plants with nearly filiform stems to much larger individuals with fistulose stems rooting at proximal nodes. Erythranthe cordata and E. nasuta are sympatric in Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, and southern Utah, and small plants of each species may be similar in aspect, both with cleistogamous flowers and reduced vestiture. Erythranthe nasuta can be recognized by its distal and bracteal leaves with hirtellous to hirsutulous adaxial surfaces; a 10/x lens usually is required to see this feature, and it sometimes is most obvious around the leaf margins. The common name of Erythranthe cordata alludes to a fancied resemblance of the corollas to the horn of a diminutive trumpet. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe lewisii in California occurs in Modoc, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. California records from Shasta County and south previously identified as E. lewisii are identified here as E. erubescens. The record for E. lewisii in Alaska is documented by this collection: Hyder [noted on handwritten label as "New to Alaska, Standley"], damp land, 27 June 1924, K. Whited 1291 (MO). Apparent exceptions to the characteristic flower color are these: white to lavender in Nevada (Clark County, Charleston Mountains, Train 2068, MO); pinkish white in Washington (Skamania and Yakima counties, Mt. Paddo, Suksdorf 5779, MO); white or tinged with yellow, in Wyoming (Teton County, as described by Nelson in the protologue of Mimulus lewisii var. tetonensis). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 422. | FNA vol. 17, p. 392. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus cordatus, M. maguirei | Mimulus lewisii, M. lewisii var. tetonensis |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) | (Pursh) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 36. (2012) |
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