Erythranthe cordata |
Erythranthe geniculata |
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tinytooter monkeyflower |
bent-stem monkeyflower, Dudley's monkeyflower |
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Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted, sometimes producing leafy runners from basal nodes, stems often rooting at proximal nodes and appearing rhizomelike. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted. |
Stems | usually erect, usually simple, usually fistulose, 12–40(–100) cm, sparsely stipitate-glandular, hairs fine, gland-tipped. |
ascending to decumbent or prostrate, geniculate at nodes, simple or diffusely branched, 5–60 cm, moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular and also 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
Leaves | basal and cauline, basal persistent; petiole: basal and proximals 6–20(–40) mm, midcauline to distals 0 mm; blade not connate, palmately 3–5(–7)-veined, orbicular to broadly elliptic-ovate or oblong-elliptic, cauline becoming broadly ovate to narrowly reniform, basal and mid cauline 15–30(–50) mm, gradually reduced in size distally to 6 mm, basal largest, distal closely paired, auriculate-subclasping, base cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate, margins shallowly, evenly to unevenly dentate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
basal and cauline, basal usually deciduous by flowering; petiole 2–10(–35) mm; blade pinnately to subpinnately veined, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate to triangular, 8–35 × 5–30 mm, base cuneate to rounded or subcordate, margins serrate or dentate, teeth 3–10 per side, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular, and 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | plesiogamous, (5–)10–16, at distal nodes, in bracteate racemes, chasmogamous or cleistogamous. |
herkogamous, (1–)6–20, from all or medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, red-spotted, abaxial limb deeper yellow, weakly bilaterally or radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or regular; tube-throat sometimes tubular and not opening (cleistogamous), 8–14 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb not expanded or expanded 9–14 mm. |
yellow, without white patches, throat red-spotted, spots concentrated or becoming coalescent into a somewhat discrete splotch at base of each of 3 abaxial lobes and sometimes 2 adaxial, bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric, 9–12 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 10–18 mm diam. |
Fruiting pedicels | 10–30(–45) mm, longer than subtending leaves, minutely stipitate-glandular. |
12–26(–55) mm, moderately villous, hairs 0.8–2 mm, multicellular, eglandular and also 0.1–0.3 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
Fruiting calyces | nodding 45–90º, not red-dotted, broadly elliptic-ovoid, inflated, sagittally compressed, (8–)14–18(–20) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to hirsutulous, sometimes mixed glandular-hirsutulous, throat closing, adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial, not falcate. |
red-spotted, campanulate-cylindric, weakly inflated, (5–)6–8 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, sparsely to moderately villous-glandular, ribs shallowly wing-angled, lobes pronounced, erect to spreading or spreading-recurving. |
Capsules | included, stipitate, 5–7 mm. |
included, 4–6(–7) mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 60. |
= 32. |
Erythranthe cordata |
Erythranthe geniculata |
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Phenology | Flowering (Jan–)Mar–Jun(–Nov). | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Springs, seeps, stream edges, muddy banks, flood plains, marshes and swamps, wash bottoms, wet depressions, wet places among boulders. | Granite crevices, canyon slopes, talus, crevices in volcanic outcrops, edges of boulders, roadsides, damp sandy soils, sandy water edges, gravelly soils and creek bottoms. |
Elevation | (600–)800–2400(–3000) m. ((2000–)2600–7900(–9800) ft.) | 200–900(–1200) m. (700–3000(–3900) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; UT
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CA
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Discussion | Erythranthe cordata is characterized by its fibrous-rooted habit (annual in duration, without rhizomes but commonly rooting at the proximal nodes), short corollas and autogamous reproduction (anthers and stigma at the same level), closed calyces, sparsely villous-glandular vestiture (lacking hirtellous, eglandular hairs), and stems commonly fistulose in larger plants. The short corollas and other features of autogamous reproduction of E. cordata are diagnostic and prominent. Plants of E. cordata are highly variable in size, from tiny fibrous-rooted plants with nearly filiform stems to much larger individuals with fistulose stems rooting at proximal nodes. Erythranthe cordata and E. nasuta are sympatric in Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, and southern Utah, and small plants of each species may be similar in aspect, both with cleistogamous flowers and reduced vestiture. Erythranthe nasuta can be recognized by its distal and bracteal leaves with hirtellous to hirsutulous adaxial surfaces; a 10/x lens usually is required to see this feature, and it sometimes is most obvious around the leaf margins. The common name of Erythranthe cordata alludes to a fancied resemblance of the corollas to the horn of a diminutive trumpet. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe geniculata is known from an apparently disjunct cluster of populations in Butte, Sutter, and Yuba counties and then from Tuolumne and Stanislaus counties south to Kern County. Erythranthe geniculata, compared to E. floribunda, has larger, chasmogamous, and allogamous flowers. The anther pairs of E. geniculata are at different levels, and the stigma is slightly above the adaxial anther pair; in E. floribunda both anther pairs and the stigma are at the same level. Erythranthe arenaria, E. geniculata, and E. norrisii constitute a group of apparently closely related species within sect. Mimulosma endemic along the Sierra Nevada. All have ovate-petiolate leaves (only the basal ones are sometimes ovate in E. arenaria) with pinnate to subpinnate venation. The more widespread E. floribunda, which is part of the above group, also is similar, but all three endemics have larger corollas with the tube exserted at greater length beyond the calyx margin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 422. | FNA vol. 17, p. 404. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus cordatus, M. maguirei | Mimulus geniculatus, M. dudleyi, M. floribundus var. geniculatus |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) |
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