FNA: Erythranthe caespitosa vs. Erythranthe utahensis

	Erythranthe caespitosa	Erythranthe utahensis
	large mountain monkey-flower, mountain monkeyflower, Olympic monkeyflower, subalpine monkeyflower	Utah monkeyflower
Habit	Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at proximal nodes, sometimes producing creeping, small-leaved runners, forming matted colonies, rhizomes filiform.	Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at nodes, rhizomes filiform.
Stems	procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, delicate, usually in masses, terete or flattish, branched, 3–10 cm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular.	erect, sometimes decumbent-ascending proximally, simple or few-branched, 20–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular in inflorescence.
Leaves	basal and cauline; petiole: proximals 2–5 mm, distals 0 mm; blade often purple beneath, palmately 3-veined, orbicular to narrowly elliptic or ovate, proximals usually sublyrate, 3–12 mm, becoming larger distally, base cuneate to a short petiole, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, hairs minute, stipitate-glandular.	basal and cauline, even-sized or largest near mid stem; petiole 0 mm or proximalmost 2–10 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, orbicular or suborbicular to broadly elliptic, broadly ovate, or depressed-ovate, 20–40(–75) × 12–35(–40) mm, base usually truncate to broadly cuneate, margins entire or subentire to mucronulate, shallowly dentate, or denticulate, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous or glabrate to sparsely stipitate-glandular and sparsely pilose, hairs thin-walled, abaxial often glaucous.
Flowers	herkogamous, 1–3, from distal nodes, commonly solitary.	herkogamous, 6–16, from proximal to distal nodes, in a loose raceme, distal bracts becoming much reduced.
Styles	minutely hirtellous.	hirtellous.
Corollas	yellow, dark red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform to cylindric-funnelform, 15–18 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb with deflexed-spreading lobes, adaxial with ascending lobes, palate partially closed.	yellow, abaxial limb prominently darker yellow, sparsely purple-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat narrowly funnelform to broadly cylindric, 10–15 mm, exserted 5–8 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 12–20 mm.
Fruiting pedicels	10–30(–40) mm, sparsely to moderately villous, hairs short, gland-tipped, sometimes hirtellous.	(25–)40–75 mm, stipitate-glandular to short villous, hairs gland-tipped.
Fruiting calyces	broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–15 mm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular, throat closing, proximalmost lobe pair upcurving, distalmost 3–5 mm, prominently protruding.	broadly ovate-cylindric, inflated, sagittally compressed, (10–)11–17(–20) mm, stipitate-glandular or minutely hirtellous or a mixture, hairs sometimes also longer, thin-walled, eglandular or glandular, throat not closing, adaxial lobe slightly longer, triangular-blunt.
Capsules	included, 4–5 mm.	included, 5–7 mm.
Anthers	included, glabrous.	included, glabrous.
2n		= 28, 30.

	Erythranthe caespitosa	Erythranthe utahensis
Phenology	Flowering Jul–Sep.	Flowering (Feb–)May–Aug(–Oct).
Habitat	Alpine meadows and slopes, stream banks, wet rocks in streams, wet crevices, talus.	Drainage ditches, springs, seeps, wet meadows, margins of ponds and small streams, marshy areas.
Elevation	1100–2000(–2300) m. (3600–6600(–7500) ft.)	1400–2500 m. (4600–8200 ft.)
Distribution	WA; BC [WildflowerSearch map]	CA; CO; NV; UT
Discussion	Erythranthe caespitosa is endemic to northwestern and central Washington (Cascade and Olympic mountains) and adjacent British Columbia (Cascades, Selkirk Mountains and Chilliwack Valley, Coast Mountains). The plants have consistently small leaves with subentire margins, and the stems are consistently procumbent to decumbent-ascending, usually forming matted colonies. Erythranthe caespitosa and E. tilingii appear to be sympatric in counties of northwestern Washington, but this needs to be verified in the field. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Erythranthe utahensis is characterized by its erect stems, prolifically produced filiform rhizomes, basal leaves short-petiolate to subsessile and cauline sessile, blades suborbicular to broadly ovate or depressed ovate with thin-walled villous-glandular hairs on both surfaces, margins subentire, proximal pedicels elongating to 75 mm, and calyces open at maturity. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 409.	FNA vol. 17, p. 410.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms	Mimulus scouleri var. caespitosus, M. caespitosus, M. tilingii var. caespitosus	Mimulus glabratus subsp. utahensis
Name authority	(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)	(Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012)
Web links	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe utahensis

large mountain monkey-flower, mountain monkeyflower, Olympic monkeyflower, subalpine monkeyflower

Utah monkeyflower

Habit

Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at proximal nodes, sometimes producing creeping, small-leaved runners, forming matted colonies, rhizomes filiform.

Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at nodes, rhizomes filiform.

Stems

procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, delicate, usually in masses, terete or flattish, branched, 3–10 cm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular.

erect, sometimes decumbent-ascending proximally, simple or few-branched, 20–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular in inflorescence.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiole: proximals 2–5 mm, distals 0 mm;

blade often purple beneath, palmately 3-veined, orbicular to narrowly elliptic or ovate, proximals usually sublyrate, 3–12 mm, becoming larger distally, base cuneate to a short petiole, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, hairs minute, stipitate-glandular.

basal and cauline, even-sized or largest near mid stem;

petiole 0 mm or proximalmost 2–10 mm;

blade palmately 3–5-veined, orbicular or suborbicular to broadly elliptic, broadly ovate, or depressed-ovate, 20–40(–75) × 12–35(–40) mm, base usually truncate to broadly cuneate, margins entire or subentire to mucronulate, shallowly dentate, or denticulate, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous or glabrate to sparsely stipitate-glandular and sparsely pilose, hairs thin-walled, abaxial often glaucous.

Flowers

herkogamous, 1–3, from distal nodes, commonly solitary.

herkogamous, 6–16, from proximal to distal nodes, in a loose raceme, distal bracts becoming much reduced.

Styles

minutely hirtellous.

hirtellous.

Corollas

yellow, dark red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat broadly funnelform to cylindric-funnelform, 15–18 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

abaxial limb with deflexed-spreading lobes, adaxial with ascending lobes, palate partially closed.

yellow, abaxial limb prominently darker yellow, sparsely purple-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate;

tube-throat narrowly funnelform to broadly cylindric, 10–15 mm, exserted 5–8 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 12–20 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

10–30(–40) mm, sparsely to moderately villous, hairs short, gland-tipped, sometimes hirtellous.

(25–)40–75 mm, stipitate-glandular to short villous, hairs gland-tipped.

Fruiting calyces

broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–15 mm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular, throat closing, proximalmost lobe pair upcurving, distalmost 3–5 mm, prominently protruding.

broadly ovate-cylindric, inflated, sagittally compressed, (10–)11–17(–20) mm, stipitate-glandular or minutely hirtellous or a mixture, hairs sometimes also longer, thin-walled, eglandular or glandular, throat not closing, adaxial lobe slightly longer, triangular-blunt.

Capsules

included, 4–5 mm.

included, 5–7 mm.

Anthers

included, glabrous.

= 28, 30.

Erythranthe caespitosa

Erythranthe utahensis

Phenology

Flowering Jul–Sep.

Flowering (Feb–)May–Aug(–Oct).

Habitat

Alpine meadows and slopes, stream banks, wet rocks in streams, wet crevices, talus.

Drainage ditches, springs, seeps, wet meadows, margins of ponds and small streams, marshy areas.

Elevation

1100–2000(–2300) m. (3600–6600(–7500) ft.)

1400–2500 m. (4600–8200 ft.)

Distribution

WA; BC

[WildflowerSearch map]

CA; CO; NV; UT

Discussion

Erythranthe caespitosa is endemic to northwestern and central Washington (Cascade and Olympic mountains) and adjacent British Columbia (Cascades, Selkirk Mountains and Chilliwack Valley, Coast Mountains). The plants have consistently small leaves with subentire margins, and the stems are consistently procumbent to decumbent-ascending, usually forming matted colonies. Erythranthe caespitosa and E. tilingii appear to be sympatric in counties of northwestern Washington, but this needs to be verified in the field.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erythranthe utahensis is characterized by its erect stems, prolifically produced filiform rhizomes, basal leaves short-petiolate to subsessile and cauline sessile, blades suborbicular to broadly ovate or depressed ovate with thin-walled villous-glandular hairs on both surfaces, margins subentire, proximal pedicels elongating to 75 mm, and calyces open at maturity.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 409.

FNA vol. 17, p. 410.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Erythranthe

Sibling taxa

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

Synonyms

Mimulus scouleri var. caespitosus, M. caespitosus, M. tilingii var. caespitosus

Mimulus glabratus subsp. utahensis

Name authority

(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)

(Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America, OregonFlora, UW Burke Herbarium

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Erythranthe caespitosa

Erythranthe utahensis

Erythranthe caespitosa

Erythranthe utahensis