Erythranthe caespitosa |
Erythranthe marmorata |
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large mountain monkey-flower, mountain monkeyflower, Olympic monkeyflower, subalpine monkeyflower |
Stanislaus monkeyflower, Whipple's monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at proximal nodes, sometimes producing creeping, small-leaved runners, forming matted colonies, rhizomes filiform. | Annuals, taprooted. |
Stems | procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, delicate, usually in masses, terete or flattish, branched, 3–10 cm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular. |
erect, simple or branched from base, 7–28 cm, usually moderately to densely villous-glandular, without eglandular hairs. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiole: proximals 2–5 mm, distals 0 mm; blade often purple beneath, palmately 3-veined, orbicular to narrowly elliptic or ovate, proximals usually sublyrate, 3–12 mm, becoming larger distally, base cuneate to a short petiole, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, hairs minute, stipitate-glandular. |
usually cauline or basal persistent; petiole: proximals to medials 7–15 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately (3–)5-veined, ovate or broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate or depressed-ovate, (10–)15–30 × 6–15 mm, base truncate to shallowly cuneate, margins shallowly to coarsely dentate, apex acute, surfaces usually moderately to densely villous-glandular, without eglandular hairs. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–3, from distal nodes, commonly solitary. |
herkogamous, (1–)2–6, axillary from middle to distal nodes, chasmogamous. |
Styles | minutely hirtellous. |
glabrous or sparsely hirtellous. |
Corollas | yellow, dark red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform to cylindric-funnelform, 15–18 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb with deflexed-spreading lobes, adaxial with ascending lobes, palate partially closed. |
yellow, throat red-spotted, abaxial limb base with a large red splotch, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat narrowly cylindric-funnelform, 10–12 mm, exserted 4–5 mm beyond calyx margin; limb abruptly expanded 14–20 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | 10–30(–40) mm, sparsely to moderately villous, hairs short, gland-tipped, sometimes hirtellous. |
15–45 mm, usually moderately to densely villous-glandular, without eglandular hairs. |
Fruiting calyces | broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–15 mm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular, throat closing, proximalmost lobe pair upcurving, distalmost 3–5 mm, prominently protruding. |
sharply nodding, usually densely purple-spotted, broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 9–12 mm, densely hirtellous, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular, densely villous at sinuses, throat closing, adaxial lobe ca. 2 times length of others. |
Capsules | included, 4–5 mm. |
included, 6–9 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
Erythranthe caespitosa |
Erythranthe marmorata |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Alpine meadows and slopes, stream banks, wet rocks in streams, wet crevices, talus. | Habitat unknown, not over serpentine. |
Elevation | 1100–2000(–2300) m. (3600–6600(–7500) ft.) | 100–900 m. (300–3000 ft.) |
Distribution |
WA; BC
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CA |
Discussion | Erythranthe caespitosa is endemic to northwestern and central Washington (Cascade and Olympic mountains) and adjacent British Columbia (Cascades, Selkirk Mountains and Chilliwack Valley, Coast Mountains). The plants have consistently small leaves with subentire margins, and the stems are consistently procumbent to decumbent-ascending, usually forming matted colonies. Erythranthe caespitosa and E. tilingii appear to be sympatric in counties of northwestern Washington, but this needs to be verified in the field. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe marmorata is recognized by its erect, taprooted habit and annual duration, villous-glandular vestiture, ovate-petiolate leaves, flowers from middle to distal nodes, long, narrow corolla tube-throat abruptly flaring into a broad limb, abaxial middle corolla lobe with a large red splotch, and fruiting calyces dark-spotted and sharply nodding. The species is known from foothills in Calaveras, Stanislaus, and Tuolumne counties in the Stanislaus River drainage and from Amador County in the Mokelumne River drainage. A collection from Fresno County appears to be somewhat disjunct from the main range, and the plants are more densely villous than characteristic elsewhere, but their identification as E. marmorata otherwise seems secure. Erythranthe marmorata (previously identified as Mimulus whipplei) had been considered extremely rare or even perhaps extinct. See G. L. Nesom (2013d) for citations of recent collections. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 409. | FNA vol. 17, p. 416. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus scouleri var. caespitosus, M. caespitosus, M. tilingii var. caespitosus | Mimulus marmoratus, M. whipplei |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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