Erythranthe caespitosa |
Erythranthe geyeri |
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large mountain monkey-flower, mountain monkeyflower, Olympic monkeyflower, subalpine monkeyflower |
Geyer's monkeyflower, mimule de James |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at proximal nodes, sometimes producing creeping, small-leaved runners, forming matted colonies, rhizomes filiform. | Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at nodes. |
Stems | procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, delicate, usually in masses, terete or flattish, branched, 3–10 cm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular. |
decumbent-ascending to ascending or erect-ascending, branched, (3–)10–40 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiole: proximals 2–5 mm, distals 0 mm; blade often purple beneath, palmately 3-veined, orbicular to narrowly elliptic or ovate, proximals usually sublyrate, 3–12 mm, becoming larger distally, base cuneate to a short petiole, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, hairs minute, stipitate-glandular. |
cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 3–10(–20) mm or 0 mm distally; blade palmately 3–5-veined, suborbicular to depressed-ovate or broadly elliptic-ovate to reniform, 6–25 mm, relatively even-sized or largest often at mid stem, bracteal reduced, base cuneate to truncate or subcordate, margins shallowly dentate to crenate-dentate, teeth 3–7(–10) per side, apex rounded, adaxial surface of distals sparsely short villous-glandular or glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–3, from distal nodes, commonly solitary. |
plesiogamous, 2–8(–12), from distal nodes, sometimes from most nodes, very loosely racemose. |
Styles | minutely hirtellous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, dark red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform to cylindric-funnelform, 15–18 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb with deflexed-spreading lobes, adaxial with ascending lobes, palate partially closed. |
yellow, sparsely red-dotted or not, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 6–8 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 5–8 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | 10–30(–40) mm, sparsely to moderately villous, hairs short, gland-tipped, sometimes hirtellous. |
18–30 mm, sparsely short villous-glandular or glabrous. |
Fruiting calyces | broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–15 mm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular, throat closing, proximalmost lobe pair upcurving, distalmost 3–5 mm, prominently protruding. |
obtriangular to broadly obtriangular or deeply cupulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, (7–)8–12 mm, sparsely short villous-glandular or glabrous, throat not closing, lateral lobes shallowly convex-mucronulate, adaxial ovate with apex rounded. |
Capsules | included, 4–5 mm. |
included, (4.5–)5–8 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 30. |
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Erythranthe caespitosa |
Erythranthe geyeri |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | Flowering May–Aug(–Oct). |
Habitat | Alpine meadows and slopes, stream banks, wet rocks in streams, wet crevices, talus. | Edges of flowing streams, marsh edges, drainage ditches, seepage areas, springs, muddy or moist banks. |
Elevation | 1100–2000(–2300) m. (3600–6600(–7500) ft.) | 200–2500 m. (700–8200 ft.) |
Distribution |
WA; BC
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AZ; CO; IA; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; NE; NM; OK; PA; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; ON; QC; SK; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Distrito Federal, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, México, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
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Discussion | Erythranthe caespitosa is endemic to northwestern and central Washington (Cascade and Olympic mountains) and adjacent British Columbia (Cascades, Selkirk Mountains and Chilliwack Valley, Coast Mountains). The plants have consistently small leaves with subentire margins, and the stems are consistently procumbent to decumbent-ascending, usually forming matted colonies. Erythranthe caespitosa and E. tilingii appear to be sympatric in counties of northwestern Washington, but this needs to be verified in the field. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe geyeri has commonly been regarded as conspecific with E. glabrata (Kunth) G. L. Nesom (as Mimulus glabratus var. jamesii), but typical E. glabrata has a different chromosome number and distinct morphology and its range does not reach the United States. In Mexico, the two species are broadly sympatric without intermediates. An allozyme study of the M. glabratus complex (R. K. Vickery 1990) indicated that the Great Plains populations of E. geyeri are distinct from those in New Mexico and Mexico, corresponding to a difference in pedicel vestiture. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 409. | FNA vol. 17, p. 406. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus scouleri var. caespitosus, M. caespitosus, M. tilingii var. caespitosus | Mimulus geyeri, M. glabratus var. fremontii, M. glabratus var. jamesii, M. glabratus var. oklahomensis, M. jamesii, M. jamesii var. fremontii |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) | (Torrey) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) |
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