Erythranthe breweri |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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Brewer's monkey-flower |
cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower |
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Habit | Annuals, taprooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 2–20 cm, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate. |
Leaves | cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 1–4 mm; blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), linear-oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate or linear, (5–)10–15(–20) × 1–2(–5) mm, base attenuate, margins entire or remotely mucronulate distally, apex acute, surfaces densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–8, from medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | pink to red, rose red, red-purple, or lavender, throat usually light purple to lavender (similar in color to rest of corolla), palate ridges yellow, abaxial limb with deep pink markings, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 3–7 mm, exserted 0–1 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 2–3 mm, lobes notched or entire. |
scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | 4–12 mm, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped. |
30–90(–120) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | red-dotted, strongly angled, cylindric-campanulate, 4–7 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped, ribs corky, lobes pronounced, spreading. |
cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute. |
Capsules | included, 3–7 mm. |
included, 10–16 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 16. |
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Erythranthe breweri |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Seeps and springs, damp rocks, vernal creek beds, cliffs, granite outcrops, rocky ridges, gravelly areas, meadow edges, stream edges. | Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges. |
Elevation | (700–)1300–3500 m. ((2300–)4300–11500 ft.) | (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California. Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 390. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Eunanus breweri, Mimulus breweri, M. rubellus var. breweri | Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 36. (2012) | (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840) |
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