Erythranthe bicolor |
Erythranthe regni |
|
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yellow and white monkeyflower |
King of Arizona monkeyflower |
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Habit | Annuals, taprooted. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. |
Stems | erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 4–30 cm, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped. |
erect to ascending-erect, branched, sometimes becoming slightly fistulose, 15–45 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 0 mm or short-attenuate; blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 10–30 × 2–6 mm at mid stem, base attenuate, margins entire or remotely shallowly dentate to mucronulate, teeth 1–4 per side, apex acute, surfaces densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped. |
basal and cauline; petiole: proximals 5–25(–30) mm, mid cauline and distals not connate, 0 mm; blade palmately 5–7-veined, proximal sometimes subpinnate, proximals ovate to depressed-orbicular, 15–20(–50) × 15–25(–50) mm, medials and distals broadly depressed-ovate to obtriangular or flabellate, 15–35 mm, largest basal or at mid stem with distal slightly reduced, base attenuate-cuneate, margins shallowly serrate-dentate, sometimes irregularly, to mucronulate or apiculate, teeth (3–)5–7 per side, rarely subentire, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–8, from medial to distal nodes. |
plesiogamous, 6–16, from all nodes or medial to distal, cleistogamous. |
Styles | minutely glandular. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, adaxial lip white, sometimes yellow, throat and abaxial limb red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 8–12 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb broadly expanded, lobes 2-fid, palate villous. |
yellow, not red-dotted, bilaterally or radially symmetric, bilabiate or regular; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 9–12 mm, exserted 3–5 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 1–1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | (5–)7–20(–30) mm, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped. |
15–30 mm, longer than subtending leaves, glabrous. |
Fruiting calyces | red-dotted, strongly angled, cylindric-campanulate, (5–)7–12 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped, ribs corky, lobes pronounced, spreading. |
sparsely purple-dotted, broadly campanulate-cylindric, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–9 mm, glabrous, throat not closing, adaxial lobe longest. |
Capsules | included, 4–6 mm. |
included, 4–5 mm. |
Anthers | included, margins ciliate, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
Erythranthe bicolor |
Erythranthe regni |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Moist banks, serpentine and granite outcrops, seepage areas, volcanic mudflows, open red clay exposures. | Moist to wet, sandy loam soils. |
Elevation | (100–)400–1700(–2500) m. ((300–)1300–5600(–8200) ft.) | 800–1000 m. (2600–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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AZ |
Discussion | Erythranthe bicolor ranges from Shasta and Trinity counties south to Tulare County; the identity of apparently disjunct populations in San Bernardino County needs to be reexamined. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe regni is endemic to the Kofa Mountains of Yuma County; all collections have been made from the Kofa Game Refuge (Kofa National Wildlife Refuge). Because its calyces remain open at maturity, this species is hypothesized to be most closely related to E. geyeri, from which it differs by its erect habit, apparently annual duration, larger leaves, purple-dotted calyces, and corollas with longer tube-throat and barely bilabiate limb. Geography and other morphology, however, suggest that its evolutionary origins are closer to E. guttata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 390. | FNA vol. 17, p. 406. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus bicolor | |
Name authority | (Hartweg ex Bentham) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 36. (2012) | G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-40: 24. (2012) |
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