Erythranthe alsinoides |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
|
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chickweed monkey-flower, wing-stem monkey-flower |
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
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Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect, usually simple, (0.5–)2–6(–15) cm, glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.1–0.2 mm, gland-tipped, nodes 2(or 3), usually red-tinged. |
erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiole 1–20(–30) mm, distinctly 3-veined (winged); blade palmately 3-veined, lanceolate-ovate to ovate, elliptic, or suborbicular, 3–18(–32) × 3–12(–25) mm, base cuneate to truncate, margins dentate to denticulate or subentire, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.1–0.2 mm, gland-tipped. |
cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–4(–8), from distal or medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, abaxial limb with a large maroon splotch, also red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform-cylindric, 6–9 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open, palate villous, abaxial ridges low. |
crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 15–32 mm, glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.1–0.2 mm, gland-tipped. |
45–90(–150) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | purplish, slightly ridge-angled, campanulate-cylindric, weakly or not inflated, 5–8 mm, margins subtruncate, sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular, lobes 4, (0–)0.5–1 mm, sometimes barely evident, 1 lobe usually slightly longer, margins appearing subtruncate, shallowly convex to rounded-mucronulate. |
campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
Capsules | included, (3–)5–7 mm. |
included, 15–22 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
2n | = 16. |
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Erythranthe alsinoides |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Open, rocky slopes, cliff faces, bluffs, mossy rock crevices, ledges, moist rocks, roadsides, along wet paths and trails. | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. |
Elevation | 10–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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Discussion | Erythranthe alsinoides is distinct in its short, erect stems with few nodes, small, mostly ovate to elliptic-ovate, petiolate leaves, minutely stipitate-glandular vestiture, small corollas with a prominent maroon splotch on the abaxial limb, small, non-inflated mature calyces and, most especially, by its nearly truncate calyx margin. Erythranthe pulsiferae is superficially similar to E. alsinoides but has larger calyces borne on divergent-arcuate pedicels, smaller leaf blades with attenuate to cuneate bases, and the corolla limbs are smaller and lack a prominent maroon splotch. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 395. | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus alsinoides | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens |
Name authority | (Douglas ex Bentham) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) |
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