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island wallflower, suffrutescent wallflower

small-flower prairie wallflower

Habit Perennials or subshrubs. Biennials or perennials; (caudex thickened, usually simple, rarely branched).
Stems

ascending, proximal branches terminating in sterile rosettes, (woody at base), 1.5–8.1 dm.

erect, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.8–)1.5–7(–9.4) dm.

Basal leaves

blade linear to linear-oblanceolate, 3.7–15 cm × 1.5–6(–7) mm, base attenuate, margins usually entire, rarely sparsely denticulate, apex acute.

blade oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 2–7 cm × 2–7 mm, base attenuate, margins entire or denticulate, apex acute.

Cauline leaves

(distal) sessile;

blade similar to basal.

sessile;

blade margins entire or denticulate.

Racemes

considerably elongated in fruit.

(densely flowered), elongated or not in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong to linear-oblong, 6–11 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, obovate to suborbicular, (11–)14–20(–22) × (3–)4–11.5 mm, claw 8–13 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 7–11 mm;

anthers linear, 2.5–4 mm.

sepals linear-oblong, 5–8 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, narrowly obovate to spatulate, (8–)10–15 × (2–)2.5–4 mm, claw 6–9 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 6–10 mm;

anthers narrowly linear, 1.7–2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, (3–)5–10 mm.

usually ascending, rarely divaricate-ascending, stout, slightly narrower than fruit, (often crowded), 4–7(–10) mm.

Fruits

ascending to spreading, narrowly linear, straight or only slightly curved inward, not torulose, (2–)3–8.4(–11) cm × 1.5–2.4(–3.5) mm, 4-angled to only slightly latiseptate, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–4-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 48–82 per ovary;

style cylindrical, stout, 0.5–4 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

suberect to ascending, (subappressed to rachis or not), narrowly linear, straight, not torulose, 2.5–5.8(–6.4) cm × 1.8–2.5 mm, slightly 4-angled, not striped;

valves with somewhat prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–4-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 40–56 per ovary;

style stout, 0.5–1.5 mm, moderately to sparsely pubescent;

stigma strongly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

Seeds

oblong, 1.5–2.5(–3) × (0.7–)1–1.2(–1.4) mm;

not winged or winged apically.

ovoid to oblong, 1.5–2 × 1–1.2 mm;

not winged.

Trichomes

of leaves 2-rayed, sometimes mixed with 3- or 4-rayed ones.

of leaves 2- (or 3-) rayed.

2n

= 36.

= 54.

Erysimum suffrutescens

Erysimum coarctatum

Phenology Flowering Dec–Aug. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Stabilized coastal sand dunes, coastal scrub vegetation Calcareous talus and cliffs, meadows, bluffs, spruce forests, roadsides, crevices, ledges
Elevation 0-150 m (0-500 ft) 200-3000 m (700-9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AB; NF; NT; QC; YT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Erysimum suffrutescens is restricted to the coastal regions of Los Angeles County northward into San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties. Both G. B. Rossbach (1958, 1958b) and R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a distinct species, but R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. insulare. The latter species has angustiseptate (versus 4-angled to slightly latiseptate) fruits, and the two are sufficiently distinct to be recognized as independent species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Both G. B. Rossbach (1958, 1958b) and R. C. Rollins (1993) treated Erysimum coarctatum as a variety of E. inconspicuum. However, the morphological and cytological (G. A. Mulligan 2002) differences clearly support its maintenance as a distinct species. The vast majority of the collections from Yukon belong to E. coarctatum, and the species is reported herein from Alberta [Banff, Clark s.n., July-August (GH)] for the first time. The records from Alaska are based on Scamman 5062 (GH) from Eklutna Lake and Wiggins 12886 (GH) from Umiat on Colville River.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 544. FNA vol. 7, p. 539.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum
Sibling taxa
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. teretifolium
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
Synonyms Cheiranthus suffrutescens, E. concinnum subsp. suffrutescens, E. suffrutescens var. grandifolium E. inconspicuum var. coarctatum
Name authority (Abrams) Rossbach: Aliso 4: 121. (1958) Fernald: Rhodora 29: 141. (1927)
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