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bushy wallflower, repand wallflower, spreading wallflower, treacle mustard

sand dune wallflower, Sierra wallflower

Habit Annuals. Perennials or, rarely, biennials; (caudex slender).
Stems

erect, unbranched or branched basally, (0.4–)1.5–4.5(–7) dm.

erect, unbranched or branched (few to several) basally, 0.4–6.5 dm.

Basal leaves

(often withered by fruiting), similar to cauline.

blade spatulate to broadly oblanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins dentate or subentire, apex often obtuse, (surfaces pubescent adaxially, trichomes 2 or 3–5-rayed).

Cauline leaves

(proximal and median) petiolate and (distal) sessile, (petiole (0.3–)0.5–2(–3) cm);

blade [linear, narrowly oblanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, (1–)2–8(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–17) mm, base attenuate], margins sinuate or coarsely dentate to denticulate or repand, (distal) entire or denticulate, (apex acute).

(distal) sessile;

blade margins often entire.

Racemes

considerably elongated in fruit.

considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals linear-oblong, 4–6 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals yellow, narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, 6–8 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 3–6 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 4–6 mm;

anthers narrowly oblong, 0.8–1.3 mm.

sepals linear-oblong to oblong, 8–12 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 15–22 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 8–14 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 7–14 mm;

anthers linear, 3–4 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate, stout, as wide as fruit, 2–4(–6) mm.

divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–12 mm.

Fruits

widely spreading to divaricate-ascending, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, somewhat torulose, (2–)3–8(–10) cm × 1.5–2 mm, 4-angled, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed and, fewer, 3-rayed, often glabrous, sometimes pubescent inside;

ovules (40–)50–80(–90) per ovary;

style cylindrical or subclavate, stout, 1–4 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

erect to ascending, narrowly linear, straight, torulose, 3.8–14 cm × 1.2–3 mm, latiseptate, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2 or 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 26–44 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, (1.5–)2–5.5 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

Seeds

oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.6–0.7 mm;

not winged or, rarely, winged distally.

ovoid, 2–3.4 × 1–2 mm;

not winged or, rarely, winged distally.

Trichomes

of leaves 2-rayed, mixed with fewer 3-rayed ones.

of leaves 2–5-rayed.

2n

= 16.

= 36.

Erysimum repandum

Erysimum perenne

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun. Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, waste places, barren hillsides, brush communities, pastures Alpine fellfields, decomposing marble, gravelly ground and knolls, rocky slopes, talus, granitic sand
Elevation 0-2100 m (0-6900 ft) 2000-4000 m (6600-13100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; BC; ON; QC; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Erysimum perenne is a high alpine species of the western sierras in California from Fresno, Inyo, and Madera counties northward into Plumas, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. Its range in Nevada appears to be restricted to Douglas and Washoe counties.

The limits of Erysimum perenne have been controversial, and it is with some hesitation that I recognize it as a species. G. B. Rossbach (1958) accepted it as a distinct species, R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. capitatum, R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a variety of E. capitatum, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) treated the name as a synonym of E. capitatum. It is readily distinguished from E. capitatum by having torulose (versus not torulose) and flattened (versus 4-angled or flattened) fruits, slender (versus stout or, rarely, slender) and longer styles (1.5–)2–5.5 mm (versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm), and yellow (versus orange to, rarely, yellow) petals. Where the two species are allopatric, they remain consistently distinct, but at lower elevations, where their ranges overlap, the distinction becomes blurred. In such areas of overlap, one finds fruit variation ranging from distinctly torulose to non-torulose, as well as continuity in the other characters above.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 544. FNA vol. 7, p. 543.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum
Sibling taxa
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
Synonyms Cheirinia repanda E. asperum var. perenne, Cheiranthus perennis, Cheirinia nevadensis, E. capitatum var. perenne, E. nevadense
Name authority Linnaeus: Demonstr. Pl., 17. (1753) (S. Watson ex Coville) Abrams: in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States 2: 318. (1944)
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