Erysimum repandum |
Erysimum perenne |
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bushy wallflower, repand wallflower, spreading wallflower, treacle mustard |
sand dune wallflower, Sierra wallflower |
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Habit | Annuals. | Perennials or, rarely, biennials; (caudex slender). |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched basally, (0.4–)1.5–4.5(–7) dm. |
erect, unbranched or branched (few to several) basally, 0.4–6.5 dm. |
Basal leaves | (often withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. |
blade spatulate to broadly oblanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins dentate or subentire, apex often obtuse, (surfaces pubescent adaxially, trichomes 2 or 3–5-rayed). |
Cauline leaves | (proximal and median) petiolate and (distal) sessile, (petiole (0.3–)0.5–2(–3) cm); blade [linear, narrowly oblanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, (1–)2–8(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–17) mm, base attenuate], margins sinuate or coarsely dentate to denticulate or repand, (distal) entire or denticulate, (apex acute). |
(distal) sessile; blade margins often entire. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals linear-oblong, 4–6 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals yellow, narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, 6–8 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 3–6 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 4–6 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, 0.8–1.3 mm. |
sepals linear-oblong to oblong, 8–12 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 15–22 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 8–14 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7–14 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate, stout, as wide as fruit, 2–4(–6) mm. |
divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–12 mm. |
Fruits | widely spreading to divaricate-ascending, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, somewhat torulose, (2–)3–8(–10) cm × 1.5–2 mm, 4-angled, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed and, fewer, 3-rayed, often glabrous, sometimes pubescent inside; ovules (40–)50–80(–90) per ovary; style cylindrical or subclavate, stout, 1–4 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
erect to ascending, narrowly linear, straight, torulose, 3.8–14 cm × 1.2–3 mm, latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2 or 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 26–44 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, (1.5–)2–5.5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
Seeds | oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.6–0.7 mm; not winged or, rarely, winged distally. |
ovoid, 2–3.4 × 1–2 mm; not winged or, rarely, winged distally. |
Trichomes | of leaves 2-rayed, mixed with fewer 3-rayed ones. |
of leaves 2–5-rayed. |
2n | = 16. |
= 36. |
Erysimum repandum |
Erysimum perenne |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, waste places, barren hillsides, brush communities, pastures | Alpine fellfields, decomposing marble, gravelly ground and knolls, rocky slopes, talus, granitic sand |
Elevation | 0-2100 m (0-6900 ft) | 2000-4000 m (6600-13100 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; BC; ON; QC; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Australia]
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CA; NV; OR
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Discussion | Erysimum perenne is a high alpine species of the western sierras in California from Fresno, Inyo, and Madera counties northward into Plumas, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. Its range in Nevada appears to be restricted to Douglas and Washoe counties. The limits of Erysimum perenne have been controversial, and it is with some hesitation that I recognize it as a species. G. B. Rossbach (1958) accepted it as a distinct species, R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. capitatum, R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a variety of E. capitatum, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) treated the name as a synonym of E. capitatum. It is readily distinguished from E. capitatum by having torulose (versus not torulose) and flattened (versus 4-angled or flattened) fruits, slender (versus stout or, rarely, slender) and longer styles (1.5–)2–5.5 mm (versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm), and yellow (versus orange to, rarely, yellow) petals. Where the two species are allopatric, they remain consistently distinct, but at lower elevations, where their ranges overlap, the distinction becomes blurred. In such areas of overlap, one finds fruit variation ranging from distinctly torulose to non-torulose, as well as continuity in the other characters above. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 544. | FNA vol. 7, p. 543. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cheirinia repanda | E. asperum var. perenne, Cheiranthus perennis, Cheirinia nevadensis, E. capitatum var. perenne, E. nevadense |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Demonstr. Pl., 17. (1753) | (S. Watson ex Coville) Abrams: in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States 2: 318. (1944) |
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