Erysimum repandum |
Erysimum capitatum |
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bushy wallflower, repand wallflower, spreading wallflower, treacle mustard |
prairie rocket, sand-dune wallflower, wallflower, western wallflower |
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Habit | Annuals. | Biennials or perennials; (short-lived). | ||||
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched basally, (0.4–)1.5–4.5(–7) dm. |
erect, often branched distally, sometimes proximally, (0.5–)1.2–10(–12) dm. |
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Basal leaves | (often withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. |
(often withered by flowering); blade spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate or linear, 2–18(–27) cm × 3–15(–30) mm, base attenuate, margins entire or dentate to denticulate, apex acute. |
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Cauline leaves | (proximal and median) petiolate and (distal) sessile, (petiole (0.3–)0.5–2(–3) cm); blade [linear, narrowly oblanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, (1–)2–8(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–17) mm, base attenuate], margins sinuate or coarsely dentate to denticulate or repand, (distal) entire or denticulate, (apex acute). |
(distal) sessile; blade margins entire or denticulate. |
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Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals linear-oblong, 4–6 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals yellow, narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, 6–8 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 3–6 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 4–6 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, 0.8–1.3 mm. |
sepals narrowly oblong, 7–14 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually orange to yellow, rarely lavender or purplish, suborbicular to obovate, 12–25(–30) × (5–)6–10(–13) mm, claw 8–16 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 9–18 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate, stout, as wide as fruit, 2–4(–6) mm. |
divaricate to ascending, stout or slender, narrower than fruit, 4–17(–25) mm. |
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Fruits | widely spreading to divaricate-ascending, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, somewhat torulose, (2–)3–8(–10) cm × 1.5–2 mm, 4-angled, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed and, fewer, 3-rayed, often glabrous, sometimes pubescent inside; ovules (40–)50–80(–90) per ovary; style cylindrical or subclavate, stout, 1–4 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
divaricate or ascending to erect, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, not torulose, 3.5–11(–15) cm × 1.3–3.3 mm, 4-angled to latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–5-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules (40–)54–82 per ovary; style cylindrical, usually stout, rarely slender, 0.2–2.5(–3) mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
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Seeds | oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.6–0.7 mm; not winged or, rarely, winged distally. |
oblong, 1.5–4 × 1–2 mm; winged apically or not winged. |
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Trichomes | of leaves 2-rayed, mixed with fewer 3-rayed ones. |
of leaves 2–4(–7)-rayed. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 36. |
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Erysimum repandum |
Erysimum capitatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, waste places, barren hillsides, brush communities, pastures | |||||
Elevation | 0-2100 m (0-6900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; BC; ON; QC; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Australia]
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AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; MO; MT; NM; NV; OH; OK; OR; TN; TX; UT; WA; WY; YT; n Mexico
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Erysimum capitatum is extremely widespread, ecologically diverse, morphologically highly variable, and nomenclaturally complex. It has been divided into infraspecific taxa; G. B. Rossbach (1958) recognized three varieties, R. A. Price (1987) eight subspecies, R. C. Rollins (1993) five varieties, Price (1993) four subspecies, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) three varieties. The majority of these taxa were based on highly variable characters with considerable overlap, including width, margin, shape, and apex of basal leaves, fruit orientation, and development of elongated versus short caudices. Furthermore, there is a substantial degree of disagreement among these authors as to the limits of a given infraspecific taxon, its distribution, and synonymies involved. Except for two distinctive species that were previously treated as infraspecific taxa (arenicola, perenne) the vast majority of the remaining variation in E. capitatum is divided herein into two varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 544. | FNA vol. 7, p. 537. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cheirinia repanda | Cheiranthus capitatus | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Demonstr. Pl., 17. (1753) | (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene: Fl. Francisc., 269. (1891) | ||||
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