Erysimum perenne |
Erysimum repandum |
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sand dune wallflower, Sierra wallflower |
bushy wallflower, repand wallflower, spreading wallflower, treacle mustard |
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Habit | Perennials or, rarely, biennials; (caudex slender). | Annuals. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched (few to several) basally, 0.4–6.5 dm. |
erect, unbranched or branched basally, (0.4–)1.5–4.5(–7) dm. |
Basal leaves | blade spatulate to broadly oblanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins dentate or subentire, apex often obtuse, (surfaces pubescent adaxially, trichomes 2 or 3–5-rayed). |
(often withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. |
Cauline leaves | (distal) sessile; blade margins often entire. |
(proximal and median) petiolate and (distal) sessile, (petiole (0.3–)0.5–2(–3) cm); blade [linear, narrowly oblanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, (1–)2–8(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–17) mm, base attenuate], margins sinuate or coarsely dentate to denticulate or repand, (distal) entire or denticulate, (apex acute). |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals linear-oblong to oblong, 8–12 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 15–22 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 8–14 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7–14 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. |
sepals linear-oblong, 4–6 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals yellow, narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, 6–8 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 3–6 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 4–6 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, 0.8–1.3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–12 mm. |
divaricate, stout, as wide as fruit, 2–4(–6) mm. |
Fruits | erect to ascending, narrowly linear, straight, torulose, 3.8–14 cm × 1.2–3 mm, latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2 or 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 26–44 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, (1.5–)2–5.5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
widely spreading to divaricate-ascending, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, somewhat torulose, (2–)3–8(–10) cm × 1.5–2 mm, 4-angled, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed and, fewer, 3-rayed, often glabrous, sometimes pubescent inside; ovules (40–)50–80(–90) per ovary; style cylindrical or subclavate, stout, 1–4 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
Seeds | ovoid, 2–3.4 × 1–2 mm; not winged or, rarely, winged distally. |
oblong, 1.1–1.5 × 0.6–0.7 mm; not winged or, rarely, winged distally. |
Trichomes | of leaves 2–5-rayed. |
of leaves 2-rayed, mixed with fewer 3-rayed ones. |
2n | = 36. |
= 16. |
Erysimum perenne |
Erysimum repandum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Alpine fellfields, decomposing marble, gravelly ground and knolls, rocky slopes, talus, granitic sand | Disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, waste places, barren hillsides, brush communities, pastures |
Elevation | 2000-4000 m (6600-13100 ft) | 0-2100 m (0-6900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; BC; ON; QC; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Australia]
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Discussion | Erysimum perenne is a high alpine species of the western sierras in California from Fresno, Inyo, and Madera counties northward into Plumas, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. Its range in Nevada appears to be restricted to Douglas and Washoe counties. The limits of Erysimum perenne have been controversial, and it is with some hesitation that I recognize it as a species. G. B. Rossbach (1958) accepted it as a distinct species, R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. capitatum, R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a variety of E. capitatum, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) treated the name as a synonym of E. capitatum. It is readily distinguished from E. capitatum by having torulose (versus not torulose) and flattened (versus 4-angled or flattened) fruits, slender (versus stout or, rarely, slender) and longer styles (1.5–)2–5.5 mm (versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm), and yellow (versus orange to, rarely, yellow) petals. Where the two species are allopatric, they remain consistently distinct, but at lower elevations, where their ranges overlap, the distinction becomes blurred. In such areas of overlap, one finds fruit variation ranging from distinctly torulose to non-torulose, as well as continuity in the other characters above. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 543. | FNA vol. 7, p. 544. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. asperum var. perenne, Cheiranthus perennis, Cheirinia nevadensis, E. capitatum var. perenne, E. nevadense | Cheirinia repanda |
Name authority | (S. Watson ex Coville) Abrams: in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States 2: 318. (1944) | Linnaeus: Demonstr. Pl., 17. (1753) |
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