Erysimum perenne |
Erysimum franciscanum |
|
---|---|---|
sand dune wallflower, Sierra wallflower |
Franciscan wallflower, San Francisco wallflower |
|
Habit | Perennials or, rarely, biennials; (caudex slender). | Perennials or subshrubs. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched (few to several) basally, 0.4–6.5 dm. |
erect, often branched distally, (woody at base), 0.6–5(–6) dm. |
Basal leaves | blade spatulate to broadly oblanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins dentate or subentire, apex often obtuse, (surfaces pubescent adaxially, trichomes 2 or 3–5-rayed). |
(often withered in suffrutescent plants); blade oblanceolate to oblanceolate-linear, 2.5–17 cm × (2–)3–16(–20) mm, base attenuate, margins sinuate-dentate or dentate, apex acute. |
Cauline leaves | (distal) sessile; blade margins often entire. |
(distal) petiolate; blade margins usually dentate, rarely denticulate. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals linear-oblong to oblong, 8–12 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 15–22 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 8–14 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7–14 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. |
sepals oblong to linear-oblong, 8–12(–15) mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow to cream, obovate to suborbicular, 14–29 × 5–12(–15) mm, claw 9–17 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 9–15 mm; anthers linear, 2.5–4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–12 mm. |
divaricate to ascending, stout, narrower than fruit, 5–17(–22) mm. |
Fruits | erect to ascending, narrowly linear, straight, torulose, 3.8–14 cm × 1.2–3 mm, latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2 or 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 26–44 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, (1.5–)2–5.5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
usually ascending, rarely spreading, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, not or, rarely, slightly torulose, (3.8–)4–11(–14) cm × 2–4 mm, latiseptate, not striped; valves with somewhat prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes (2 or) 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 32–64 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–3.5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
Seeds | ovoid, 2–3.4 × 1–2 mm; not winged or, rarely, winged distally. |
oblong, 2–3.5(–4) × 1.2–2.2(–2.5) mm; wing distal, present on 1 or both margins. |
Trichomes | of leaves 2–5-rayed. |
of leaves 2-rayed mixed with 3(–5)-rayed ones. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Erysimum perenne |
Erysimum franciscanum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jan–Apr. |
Habitat | Alpine fellfields, decomposing marble, gravelly ground and knolls, rocky slopes, talus, granitic sand | Serpentine outcrops, coastal scrub or sand dunes, granitic hillsides |
Elevation | 2000-4000 m (6600-13100 ft) | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR
|
CA
|
Discussion | Erysimum perenne is a high alpine species of the western sierras in California from Fresno, Inyo, and Madera counties northward into Plumas, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. Its range in Nevada appears to be restricted to Douglas and Washoe counties. The limits of Erysimum perenne have been controversial, and it is with some hesitation that I recognize it as a species. G. B. Rossbach (1958) accepted it as a distinct species, R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. capitatum, R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a variety of E. capitatum, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) treated the name as a synonym of E. capitatum. It is readily distinguished from E. capitatum by having torulose (versus not torulose) and flattened (versus 4-angled or flattened) fruits, slender (versus stout or, rarely, slender) and longer styles (1.5–)2–5.5 mm (versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm), and yellow (versus orange to, rarely, yellow) petals. Where the two species are allopatric, they remain consistently distinct, but at lower elevations, where their ranges overlap, the distinction becomes blurred. In such areas of overlap, one finds fruit variation ranging from distinctly torulose to non-torulose, as well as continuity in the other characters above. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erysimum franciscanum is known from Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Cruz counties. Historical records indicate that it grew previously in Sonoma County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 543. | FNA vol. 7, p. 540. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. asperum var. perenne, Cheiranthus perennis, Cheirinia nevadensis, E. capitatum var. perenne, E. nevadense | E. franciscanum var. crassifolium |
Name authority | (S. Watson ex Coville) Abrams: in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States 2: 318. (1944) | Rossbach: Aliso 4: 118. (1958) |
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