Erysimum perenne |
Erysimum cheiri |
|
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sand dune wallflower, Sierra wallflower |
Aegean wallflower, common wallflower, European wallflower, wallflower |
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Habit | Perennials or, rarely, biennials; (caudex slender). | Biennials or subshrubs. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched (few to several) basally, 0.4–6.5 dm. |
erect, unbranched or branched distally, (woody at base when subshrubs), 1.5–8 dm. |
Basal leaves | blade spatulate to broadly oblanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins dentate or subentire, apex often obtuse, (surfaces pubescent adaxially, trichomes 2 or 3–5-rayed). |
(rosulate when biennial, often withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. |
Cauline leaves | (distal) sessile; blade margins often entire. |
petiolate; blade (obovate to oblanceolate, 4–22 cm × 3–12 mm, base cuneate to attenuate), margins entire to repand. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals linear-oblong to oblong, 8–12 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 15–22 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 8–14 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7–14 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. |
sepals oblong, 6–10 mm, lateral pair not or slightly saccate basally; petals orange, yellow, brown, red, purple, violet, or white, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 20–35x 5–10 mm, claw 7–12 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7–9 mm; anthers linear, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–12 mm. |
divaricate-ascending to ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 7–13 mm. |
Fruits | erect to ascending, narrowly linear, straight, torulose, 3.8–14 cm × 1.2–3 mm, latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2 or 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 26–44 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, (1.5–)2–5.5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
ascending, narrowly linear, straight, not torulose, 3–10 cm × 2–7 mm, latiseptate to terete, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 32–44 per ovary; style cylindrical or subconical, slender, 0.5–4 mm, pubescent; stigma strongly 2-lobed, lobes much longer than wide. |
Seeds | ovoid, 2–3.4 × 1–2 mm; not winged or, rarely, winged distally. |
ovate, 2–4 × 1.5–3 mm; wing continuous or distal. |
Trichomes | of leaves 2–5-rayed. |
|
Tri | -chomes of leaves 2-rayed, rarely mixed with fewer 3-rayed ones apically. |
|
2n | = 36. |
= 12. |
Erysimum perenne |
Erysimum cheiri |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Alpine fellfields, decomposing marble, gravelly ground and knolls, rocky slopes, talus, granitic sand | Disturbed sites, lawns, abandoned gardens |
Elevation | 2000-4000 m (6600-13100 ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR
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CA; BC; QC; YT; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Erysimum perenne is a high alpine species of the western sierras in California from Fresno, Inyo, and Madera counties northward into Plumas, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. Its range in Nevada appears to be restricted to Douglas and Washoe counties. The limits of Erysimum perenne have been controversial, and it is with some hesitation that I recognize it as a species. G. B. Rossbach (1958) accepted it as a distinct species, R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. capitatum, R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a variety of E. capitatum, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) treated the name as a synonym of E. capitatum. It is readily distinguished from E. capitatum by having torulose (versus not torulose) and flattened (versus 4-angled or flattened) fruits, slender (versus stout or, rarely, slender) and longer styles (1.5–)2–5.5 mm (versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm), and yellow (versus orange to, rarely, yellow) petals. Where the two species are allopatric, they remain consistently distinct, but at lower elevations, where their ranges overlap, the distinction becomes blurred. In such areas of overlap, one finds fruit variation ranging from distinctly torulose to non-torulose, as well as continuity in the other characters above. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erysimum cheiri is a widely cultivated ornamental of European origin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 543. | FNA vol. 7, p. 539. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. asperum var. perenne, Cheiranthus perennis, Cheirinia nevadensis, E. capitatum var. perenne, E. nevadense | Cheiranthus cheiri |
Name authority | (S. Watson ex Coville) Abrams: in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States 2: 318. (1944) | (Linnaeus) Crantz: Cl. Crucif. Emend., 116. (1769) |
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