Erysimum occidentale |
Erysimum capitatum |
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pale wallflower, western wallflower |
prairie rocket, sand-dune wallflower, wallflower, western wallflower |
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Habit | Biennials. | Biennials or perennials; (short-lived). | ||||
Stems | erect, often branched distally, 0.5–3(–6.5) dm. |
erect, often branched distally, sometimes proximally, (0.5–)1.2–10(–12) dm. |
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Basal leaves | (often withered by fruiting); blade linear-oblanceolate, 2–11(–15) cm × (1.5–)2–6 mm, margins usually entire, rarely denticulate. |
(often withered by flowering); blade spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate or linear, 2–18(–27) cm × 3–15(–30) mm, base attenuate, margins entire or dentate to denticulate, apex acute. |
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Cauline leaves | (distal) sessile; blade margins entire. |
(distal) sessile; blade margins entire or denticulate. |
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Racemes | (simple or branched), considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals linear-oblong, 8–13 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals bright or pale yellow, obovate to broadly so, 14–22(–25) × 3–7.5 mm, claw 11–16 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 10–14 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. |
sepals narrowly oblong, 7–14 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually orange to yellow, rarely lavender or purplish, suborbicular to obovate, 12–25(–30) × (5–)6–10(–13) mm, claw 8–16 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 9–18 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–11(–15) mm. |
divaricate to ascending, stout or slender, narrower than fruit, 4–17(–25) mm. |
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Fruits | ascending, narrowly linear, straight, not torulose, 3–12 cm × (2–)2.4–3.7 mm, strongly latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2- and 3-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 34–46 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, (2–)2.5–5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma entire. |
divaricate or ascending to erect, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, not torulose, 3.5–11(–15) cm × 1.3–3.3 mm, 4-angled to latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–5-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules (40–)54–82 per ovary; style cylindrical, usually stout, rarely slender, 0.2–2.5(–3) mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
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Seeds | ovoid, (2–)2.5–3.5 × 1.3–2.5 mm; wing continuous distally, (0.3–0.8 mm wide). |
oblong, 1.5–4 × 1–2 mm; winged apically or not winged. |
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Trichomes | of leaves 2- or 3-rayed. |
of leaves 2–4(–7)-rayed. |
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2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
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Erysimum occidentale |
Erysimum capitatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Sand deposits | |||||
Elevation | 50-700 m (200-2300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
OR; WA
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AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; MO; MT; NM; NV; OH; OK; OR; TN; TX; UT; WA; WY; YT; n Mexico
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Discussion | Erysimum occidentale is restricted to sand deposits along or near the Columbia River and its tributaries. It is distributed in Gilliam, Hood River, Morrow, Sherman, and Umatilla counties in Oregon, and in Franklin, Grant, Kittitas, Klickitat, Lincoln, Walla Walla, and Yakima counties in Washington. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Erysimum capitatum is extremely widespread, ecologically diverse, morphologically highly variable, and nomenclaturally complex. It has been divided into infraspecific taxa; G. B. Rossbach (1958) recognized three varieties, R. A. Price (1987) eight subspecies, R. C. Rollins (1993) five varieties, Price (1993) four subspecies, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) three varieties. The majority of these taxa were based on highly variable characters with considerable overlap, including width, margin, shape, and apex of basal leaves, fruit orientation, and development of elongated versus short caudices. Furthermore, there is a substantial degree of disagreement among these authors as to the limits of a given infraspecific taxon, its distribution, and synonymies involved. Except for two distinctive species that were previously treated as infraspecific taxa (arenicola, perenne) the vast majority of the remaining variation in E. capitatum is divided herein into two varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 543. | FNA vol. 7, p. 537. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cheiranthus occidentalis, Cheirinia occidentalis | Cheiranthus capitatus | ||||
Name authority | (S. Watson) B. L. Robinson: in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(1,1): 144. (1895) | (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene: Fl. Francisc., 269. (1891) | ||||
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