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Menzies' wallflower

treacle mustard, treacle wallflower, worm-seed mustard, wormseed wallflower

Habit Biennials or perennials; (short-lived). Annuals.
Stems

erect, unbranched or branched distally, 0.2–2.5(–3.5) dm.

erect, often branched distally, (ribbed), (0.7–)1.5–10(–15) dm.

Basal leaves

blade (fleshy or not), spatulate, 2–10 cm × 5–15 mm, base cuneate, margins dentate, entire, or lobed, apex obtuse.

(withered by fruiting), similar to cauline.

Cauline leaves

(distal) sessile or short-petiolate;

blade margins entire or dentate.

(median and distal) shortly petiolate or sessile;

blade (lanceolate, linear, or elliptic-oblong, (1–)2–7(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–23) mm, base cuneate) margins usually subentire or denticulate, rarely sinuate-dentate, (apex acute or obtuse).

Racemes

elongated slightly in fruit.

considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 7–14 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, usually suborbicular, rarely obovate, 15–30 × 6–14 mm, claw 10–15 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 10–13 mm;

anthers linear, 3–4 mm.

sepals oblong, 1.8–3.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals yellow, narrowly spatulate, 3–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 1.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 2–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

horizontal to divaricate, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–15 mm.

divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, 5–13(–16) mm.

Fruits

widely spreading or divaricate, linear, straight, not torulose, 3–14 cm × 2–4 mm, terete when green, becoming latiseptate when dry, not striped;

valves with obscure midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes (2 or) 3 or 4 (or 6)-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 32–74 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 0.3–2 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

suberect or divaricate-ascending, linear, straight, somewhat torulose, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) cm × 1–1.3 mm, 4-angled, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 3–5-rayed, densely pubescent inside;

ovules (20–)30–55 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm;

stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

Seeds

oblong (compressed), 1.8–2.8(–3.5) × 1–2 mm; winged distally (wing narrow all around).

oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

not winged.

Trichomes

of leaves 2–5(–7)-rayed on adaxial leaf surface.

of leaves primarily 3- or 4-rayed, sometimes mixed with 5-rayed ones, 2-rayed trichomes primarily on stem and pedicels.

2n

= 36.

= 16.

Erysimum menziesii

Erysimum cheiranthoides

Phenology Flowering Jan–Aug. Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Stabilized coastal sand dunes Dry stream beds, moist areas, waste ground, fields, pastures, disturbed ground
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Erysimum menziesii is restricted to the coasts of Humboldt, Mendocino, and Monterey counties. R. A. Price (1993) divided the species into four subspecies, three of which were invalidly published.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 542. FNA vol. 7, p. 539.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum
Sibling taxa
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
Synonyms Hesperis menziesii, Cheiranthus grandiflorus Cheiranthus cheiranthoides, Cheirinia cheiranthoides
Name authority (Hooker) Wettstein: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 283. (1889) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 661. (1753)
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