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Menzies' wallflower

plains wallflower, prairie rocket, sanddune wallflower, western wallflower

Habit Biennials or perennials; (short-lived). Biennials.
Stems

erect, unbranched or branched distally, 0.2–2.5(–3.5) dm.

erect, unbranched or branched distally, (0.6–)1.2–6.5(–8) dm.

Basal leaves

blade (fleshy or not), spatulate, 2–10 cm × 5–15 mm, base cuneate, margins dentate, entire, or lobed, apex obtuse.

(often withered by fruiting);

blade oblanceolate, 2–10 cm × (0.2–)0.5–1.5(–2.4) mm, base attenuate, margins dentate, apex acute.

Cauline leaves

(distal) sessile or short-petiolate;

blade margins entire or dentate.

(distal) sessile;

blade margins entire or denticulate.

Racemes

elongated slightly in fruit.

considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 7–14 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, usually suborbicular, rarely obovate, 15–30 × 6–14 mm, claw 10–15 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 10–13 mm;

anthers linear, 3–4 mm.

sepals oblong to linear-oblong, 8–12 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

petals yellow, obovate to suborbicular, 13–22 × 4–9 mm, claw 8–15 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 8–14 mm;

anthers linear, 2.5–4 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

horizontal to divaricate, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–15 mm.

horizontal to divaricate, slender, narrower than fruit, 5–16(–25) mm.

Fruits

widely spreading or divaricate, linear, straight, not torulose, 3–14 cm × 2–4 mm, terete when green, becoming latiseptate when dry, not striped;

valves with obscure midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes (2 or) 3 or 4 (or 6)-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 32–74 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 0.3–2 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

widely spreading or divaricate, narrowly linear, usually straight, rarely curved upward, not torulose, (3–)5–12(–14) cm × 1.2–2.7 mm, 4-angled, strongly (longitudinally) 4-striped;

valves with prominent midvein and replum, densely pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed between midvein and replum, glabrous inside;

ovules 72–120 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 1–4 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

Seeds

oblong (compressed), 1.8–2.8(–3.5) × 1–2 mm; winged distally (wing narrow all around).

ovoid, (1–)1.3–2.3 × 0.7–1.2 mm; usually not winged, rarely winged distally.

Trichomes

of leaves 2–5(–7)-rayed on adaxial leaf surface.

of leaves 2- or 3-rayed.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Erysimum menziesii

Erysimum asperum

Phenology Flowering Jan–Aug. Flowering Apr–Jun(-Aug).
Habitat Stabilized coastal sand dunes Prairies, sand dunes, roadsides, bluffs, sandhills along stream banks, knolls, open plains
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) 200-2000 m (700-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CO; IL; KS; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Erysimum menziesii is restricted to the coasts of Humboldt, Mendocino, and Monterey counties. R. A. Price (1993) divided the species into four subspecies, three of which were invalidly published.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 542. FNA vol. 7, p. 537.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum
Sibling taxa
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
Synonyms Hesperis menziesii, Cheiranthus grandiflorus Cheiranthus asper, Cheirinia aspera, E. asperum var. dolichocarpum
Name authority (Hooker) Wettstein: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 283. (1889) (Nuttall) de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 505. (1821)
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