Erysimum franciscanum |
Erysimum cheiri |
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Franciscan wallflower, San Francisco wallflower |
Aegean wallflower, common wallflower, European wallflower, wallflower |
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Habit | Perennials or subshrubs. | Biennials or subshrubs. |
Stems | erect, often branched distally, (woody at base), 0.6–5(–6) dm. |
erect, unbranched or branched distally, (woody at base when subshrubs), 1.5–8 dm. |
Basal leaves | (often withered in suffrutescent plants); blade oblanceolate to oblanceolate-linear, 2.5–17 cm × (2–)3–16(–20) mm, base attenuate, margins sinuate-dentate or dentate, apex acute. |
(rosulate when biennial, often withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. |
Cauline leaves | (distal) petiolate; blade margins usually dentate, rarely denticulate. |
petiolate; blade (obovate to oblanceolate, 4–22 cm × 3–12 mm, base cuneate to attenuate), margins entire to repand. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals oblong to linear-oblong, 8–12(–15) mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow to cream, obovate to suborbicular, 14–29 × 5–12(–15) mm, claw 9–17 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 9–15 mm; anthers linear, 2.5–4 mm. |
sepals oblong, 6–10 mm, lateral pair not or slightly saccate basally; petals orange, yellow, brown, red, purple, violet, or white, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 20–35x 5–10 mm, claw 7–12 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7–9 mm; anthers linear, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, stout, narrower than fruit, 5–17(–22) mm. |
divaricate-ascending to ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 7–13 mm. |
Fruits | usually ascending, rarely spreading, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, not or, rarely, slightly torulose, (3.8–)4–11(–14) cm × 2–4 mm, latiseptate, not striped; valves with somewhat prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes (2 or) 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 32–64 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–3.5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
ascending, narrowly linear, straight, not torulose, 3–10 cm × 2–7 mm, latiseptate to terete, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 32–44 per ovary; style cylindrical or subconical, slender, 0.5–4 mm, pubescent; stigma strongly 2-lobed, lobes much longer than wide. |
Seeds | oblong, 2–3.5(–4) × 1.2–2.2(–2.5) mm; wing distal, present on 1 or both margins. |
ovate, 2–4 × 1.5–3 mm; wing continuous or distal. |
Trichomes | of leaves 2-rayed mixed with 3(–5)-rayed ones. |
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Tri | -chomes of leaves 2-rayed, rarely mixed with fewer 3-rayed ones apically. |
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2n | = 36. |
= 12. |
Erysimum franciscanum |
Erysimum cheiri |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan–Apr. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Serpentine outcrops, coastal scrub or sand dunes, granitic hillsides | Disturbed sites, lawns, abandoned gardens |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
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CA; BC; QC; YT; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Erysimum franciscanum is known from Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Cruz counties. Historical records indicate that it grew previously in Sonoma County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erysimum cheiri is a widely cultivated ornamental of European origin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 540. | FNA vol. 7, p. 539. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. franciscanum var. crassifolium | Cheiranthus cheiri |
Name authority | Rossbach: Aliso 4: 118. (1958) | (Linnaeus) Crantz: Cl. Crucif. Emend., 116. (1769) |
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