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Aegean wallflower, common wallflower, European wallflower, wallflower

sand dune wallflower, Sierra wallflower

Habit Biennials or subshrubs. Perennials or, rarely, biennials; (caudex slender).
Stems

erect, unbranched or branched distally, (woody at base when subshrubs), 1.5–8 dm.

erect, unbranched or branched (few to several) basally, 0.4–6.5 dm.

Basal leaves

(rosulate when biennial, often withered by fruiting), similar to cauline.

blade spatulate to broadly oblanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins dentate or subentire, apex often obtuse, (surfaces pubescent adaxially, trichomes 2 or 3–5-rayed).

Cauline leaves

petiolate;

blade (obovate to oblanceolate, 4–22 cm × 3–12 mm, base cuneate to attenuate), margins entire to repand.

(distal) sessile;

blade margins often entire.

Racemes

considerably elongated in fruit.

considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 6–10 mm, lateral pair not or slightly saccate basally;

petals orange, yellow, brown, red, purple, violet, or white, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 20–35x 5–10 mm, claw 7–12 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 7–9 mm;

anthers linear, 2.5–3.5 mm.

sepals linear-oblong to oblong, 8–12 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 15–22 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 8–14 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 7–14 mm;

anthers linear, 3–4 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate-ascending to ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 7–13 mm.

divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–12 mm.

Fruits

ascending, narrowly linear, straight, not torulose, 3–10 cm × 2–7 mm, latiseptate to terete, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 32–44 per ovary;

style cylindrical or subconical, slender, 0.5–4 mm, pubescent;

stigma strongly 2-lobed, lobes much longer than wide.

erect to ascending, narrowly linear, straight, torulose, 3.8–14 cm × 1.2–3 mm, latiseptate, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2 or 3 (or 4)-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 26–44 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, (1.5–)2–5.5 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

Seeds

ovate, 2–4 × 1.5–3 mm;

wing continuous or distal.

ovoid, 2–3.4 × 1–2 mm;

not winged or, rarely, winged distally.

Tri

-chomes of leaves 2-rayed, rarely mixed with fewer 3-rayed ones apically.

Trichomes

of leaves 2–5-rayed.

2n

= 12.

= 36.

Erysimum cheiri

Erysimum perenne

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul. Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Disturbed sites, lawns, abandoned gardens Alpine fellfields, decomposing marble, gravelly ground and knolls, rocky slopes, talus, granitic sand
Elevation 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) 2000-4000 m (6600-13100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; BC; QC; YT; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Erysimum cheiri is a widely cultivated ornamental of European origin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erysimum perenne is a high alpine species of the western sierras in California from Fresno, Inyo, and Madera counties northward into Plumas, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. Its range in Nevada appears to be restricted to Douglas and Washoe counties.

The limits of Erysimum perenne have been controversial, and it is with some hesitation that I recognize it as a species. G. B. Rossbach (1958) accepted it as a distinct species, R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. capitatum, R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a variety of E. capitatum, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) treated the name as a synonym of E. capitatum. It is readily distinguished from E. capitatum by having torulose (versus not torulose) and flattened (versus 4-angled or flattened) fruits, slender (versus stout or, rarely, slender) and longer styles (1.5–)2–5.5 mm (versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm), and yellow (versus orange to, rarely, yellow) petals. Where the two species are allopatric, they remain consistently distinct, but at lower elevations, where their ranges overlap, the distinction becomes blurred. In such areas of overlap, one finds fruit variation ranging from distinctly torulose to non-torulose, as well as continuity in the other characters above.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 539. FNA vol. 7, p. 543.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum
Sibling taxa
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
Synonyms Cheiranthus cheiri E. asperum var. perenne, Cheiranthus perennis, Cheirinia nevadensis, E. capitatum var. perenne, E. nevadense
Name authority (Linnaeus) Crantz: Cl. Crucif. Emend., 116. (1769) (S. Watson ex Coville) Abrams: in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States 2: 318. (1944)
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