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treacle mustard, treacle wallflower, worm-seed mustard, wormseed wallflower

island wallflower, suffrutescent wallflower

Habit Annuals. Perennials or subshrubs.
Stems

erect, often branched distally, (ribbed), (0.7–)1.5–10(–15) dm.

ascending, proximal branches terminating in sterile rosettes, (woody at base), 1.5–8.1 dm.

Basal leaves

(withered by fruiting), similar to cauline.

blade linear to linear-oblanceolate, 3.7–15 cm × 1.5–6(–7) mm, base attenuate, margins usually entire, rarely sparsely denticulate, apex acute.

Cauline leaves

(median and distal) shortly petiolate or sessile;

blade (lanceolate, linear, or elliptic-oblong, (1–)2–7(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–23) mm, base cuneate) margins usually subentire or denticulate, rarely sinuate-dentate, (apex acute or obtuse).

(distal) sessile;

blade similar to basal.

Racemes

considerably elongated in fruit.

considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 1.8–3.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals yellow, narrowly spatulate, 3–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 1.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 2–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm.

sepals oblong to linear-oblong, 6–11 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, obovate to suborbicular, (11–)14–20(–22) × (3–)4–11.5 mm, claw 8–13 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 7–11 mm;

anthers linear, 2.5–4 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, 5–13(–16) mm.

ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, (3–)5–10 mm.

Fruits

suberect or divaricate-ascending, linear, straight, somewhat torulose, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) cm × 1–1.3 mm, 4-angled, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 3–5-rayed, densely pubescent inside;

ovules (20–)30–55 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm;

stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

ascending to spreading, narrowly linear, straight or only slightly curved inward, not torulose, (2–)3–8.4(–11) cm × 1.5–2.4(–3.5) mm, 4-angled to only slightly latiseptate, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–4-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 48–82 per ovary;

style cylindrical, stout, 0.5–4 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

Seeds

oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

not winged.

oblong, 1.5–2.5(–3) × (0.7–)1–1.2(–1.4) mm;

not winged or winged apically.

Trichomes

of leaves primarily 3- or 4-rayed, sometimes mixed with 5-rayed ones, 2-rayed trichomes primarily on stem and pedicels.

of leaves 2-rayed, sometimes mixed with 3- or 4-rayed ones.

2n

= 16.

= 36.

Erysimum cheiranthoides

Erysimum suffrutescens

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Dec–Aug.
Habitat Dry stream beds, moist areas, waste ground, fields, pastures, disturbed ground Stabilized coastal sand dunes, coastal scrub vegetation
Elevation 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) 0-150 m (0-500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Erysimum suffrutescens is restricted to the coastal regions of Los Angeles County northward into San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties. Both G. B. Rossbach (1958, 1958b) and R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a distinct species, but R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. insulare. The latter species has angustiseptate (versus 4-angled to slightly latiseptate) fruits, and the two are sufficiently distinct to be recognized as independent species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 539. FNA vol. 7, p. 544.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum
Sibling taxa
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. teretifolium
Synonyms Cheiranthus cheiranthoides, Cheirinia cheiranthoides Cheiranthus suffrutescens, E. concinnum subsp. suffrutescens, E. suffrutescens var. grandifolium
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 661. (1753) (Abrams) Rossbach: Aliso 4: 121. (1958)
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