Erysimum cheiranthoides |
Erysimum suffrutescens |
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treacle mustard, treacle wallflower, worm-seed mustard, wormseed wallflower |
island wallflower, suffrutescent wallflower |
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Habit | Annuals. | Perennials or subshrubs. |
Stems | erect, often branched distally, (ribbed), (0.7–)1.5–10(–15) dm. |
ascending, proximal branches terminating in sterile rosettes, (woody at base), 1.5–8.1 dm. |
Basal leaves | (withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. |
blade linear to linear-oblanceolate, 3.7–15 cm × 1.5–6(–7) mm, base attenuate, margins usually entire, rarely sparsely denticulate, apex acute. |
Cauline leaves | (median and distal) shortly petiolate or sessile; blade (lanceolate, linear, or elliptic-oblong, (1–)2–7(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–23) mm, base cuneate) margins usually subentire or denticulate, rarely sinuate-dentate, (apex acute or obtuse). |
(distal) sessile; blade similar to basal. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.8–3.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals yellow, narrowly spatulate, 3–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 1.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
sepals oblong to linear-oblong, 6–11 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow, obovate to suborbicular, (11–)14–20(–22) × (3–)4–11.5 mm, claw 8–13 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7–11 mm; anthers linear, 2.5–4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, 5–13(–16) mm. |
ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, (3–)5–10 mm. |
Fruits | suberect or divaricate-ascending, linear, straight, somewhat torulose, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) cm × 1–1.3 mm, 4-angled, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 3–5-rayed, densely pubescent inside; ovules (20–)30–55 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm; stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
ascending to spreading, narrowly linear, straight or only slightly curved inward, not torulose, (2–)3–8.4(–11) cm × 1.5–2.4(–3.5) mm, 4-angled to only slightly latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–4-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 48–82 per ovary; style cylindrical, stout, 0.5–4 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
Seeds | oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm; not winged. |
oblong, 1.5–2.5(–3) × (0.7–)1–1.2(–1.4) mm; not winged or winged apically. |
Trichomes | of leaves primarily 3- or 4-rayed, sometimes mixed with 5-rayed ones, 2-rayed trichomes primarily on stem and pedicels. |
of leaves 2-rayed, sometimes mixed with 3- or 4-rayed ones. |
2n | = 16. |
= 36. |
Erysimum cheiranthoides |
Erysimum suffrutescens |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Dec–Aug. |
Habitat | Dry stream beds, moist areas, waste ground, fields, pastures, disturbed ground | Stabilized coastal sand dunes, coastal scrub vegetation |
Elevation | 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) | 0-150 m (0-500 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
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CA
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Discussion | Erysimum suffrutescens is restricted to the coastal regions of Los Angeles County northward into San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties. Both G. B. Rossbach (1958, 1958b) and R. C. Rollins (1993) treated it as a distinct species, but R. A. Price (1993) transferred it (invalidly) to a subspecies of E. insulare. The latter species has angustiseptate (versus 4-angled to slightly latiseptate) fruits, and the two are sufficiently distinct to be recognized as independent species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 539. | FNA vol. 7, p. 544. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cheiranthus cheiranthoides, Cheirinia cheiranthoides | Cheiranthus suffrutescens, E. concinnum subsp. suffrutescens, E. suffrutescens var. grandifolium |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 661. (1753) | (Abrams) Rossbach: Aliso 4: 121. (1958) |
Web links |
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