Erysimum cheiranthoides |
Erysimum menziesii |
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treacle mustard, treacle wallflower, worm-seed mustard, wormseed wallflower |
Menzies' wallflower |
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Habit | Annuals. | Biennials or perennials; (short-lived). |
Stems | erect, often branched distally, (ribbed), (0.7–)1.5–10(–15) dm. |
erect, unbranched or branched distally, 0.2–2.5(–3.5) dm. |
Basal leaves | (withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. |
blade (fleshy or not), spatulate, 2–10 cm × 5–15 mm, base cuneate, margins dentate, entire, or lobed, apex obtuse. |
Cauline leaves | (median and distal) shortly petiolate or sessile; blade (lanceolate, linear, or elliptic-oblong, (1–)2–7(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–23) mm, base cuneate) margins usually subentire or denticulate, rarely sinuate-dentate, (apex acute or obtuse). |
(distal) sessile or short-petiolate; blade margins entire or dentate. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
elongated slightly in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.8–3.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals yellow, narrowly spatulate, 3–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 1.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
sepals oblong, 7–14 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow, usually suborbicular, rarely obovate, 15–30 × 6–14 mm, claw 10–15 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 10–13 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, 5–13(–16) mm. |
horizontal to divaricate, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–15 mm. |
Fruits | suberect or divaricate-ascending, linear, straight, somewhat torulose, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) cm × 1–1.3 mm, 4-angled, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 3–5-rayed, densely pubescent inside; ovules (20–)30–55 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm; stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
widely spreading or divaricate, linear, straight, not torulose, 3–14 cm × 2–4 mm, terete when green, becoming latiseptate when dry, not striped; valves with obscure midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes (2 or) 3 or 4 (or 6)-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 32–74 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, 0.3–2 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
Seeds | oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm; not winged. |
oblong (compressed), 1.8–2.8(–3.5) × 1–2 mm; winged distally (wing narrow all around). |
Trichomes | of leaves primarily 3- or 4-rayed, sometimes mixed with 5-rayed ones, 2-rayed trichomes primarily on stem and pedicels. |
of leaves 2–5(–7)-rayed on adaxial leaf surface. |
2n | = 16. |
= 36. |
Erysimum cheiranthoides |
Erysimum menziesii |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Jan–Aug. |
Habitat | Dry stream beds, moist areas, waste ground, fields, pastures, disturbed ground | Stabilized coastal sand dunes |
Elevation | 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
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CA
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Discussion | Of conservation concern. Erysimum menziesii is restricted to the coasts of Humboldt, Mendocino, and Monterey counties. R. A. Price (1993) divided the species into four subspecies, three of which were invalidly published. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 539. | FNA vol. 7, p. 542. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cheiranthus cheiranthoides, Cheirinia cheiranthoides | Hesperis menziesii, Cheiranthus grandiflorus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 661. (1753) | (Hooker) Wettstein: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 283. (1889) |
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