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treacle mustard, treacle wallflower, worm-seed mustard, wormseed wallflower

Menzies' wallflower

Habit Annuals. Biennials or perennials; (short-lived).
Stems

erect, often branched distally, (ribbed), (0.7–)1.5–10(–15) dm.

erect, unbranched or branched distally, 0.2–2.5(–3.5) dm.

Basal leaves

(withered by fruiting), similar to cauline.

blade (fleshy or not), spatulate, 2–10 cm × 5–15 mm, base cuneate, margins dentate, entire, or lobed, apex obtuse.

Cauline leaves

(median and distal) shortly petiolate or sessile;

blade (lanceolate, linear, or elliptic-oblong, (1–)2–7(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–23) mm, base cuneate) margins usually subentire or denticulate, rarely sinuate-dentate, (apex acute or obtuse).

(distal) sessile or short-petiolate;

blade margins entire or dentate.

Racemes

considerably elongated in fruit.

elongated slightly in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 1.8–3.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals yellow, narrowly spatulate, 3–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 1.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 2–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm.

sepals oblong, 7–14 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, usually suborbicular, rarely obovate, 15–30 × 6–14 mm, claw 10–15 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 10–13 mm;

anthers linear, 3–4 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, 5–13(–16) mm.

horizontal to divaricate, slender, narrower than fruit, 4–15 mm.

Fruits

suberect or divaricate-ascending, linear, straight, somewhat torulose, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) cm × 1–1.3 mm, 4-angled, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 3–5-rayed, densely pubescent inside;

ovules (20–)30–55 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm;

stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

widely spreading or divaricate, linear, straight, not torulose, 3–14 cm × 2–4 mm, terete when green, becoming latiseptate when dry, not striped;

valves with obscure midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes (2 or) 3 or 4 (or 6)-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 32–74 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 0.3–2 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

Seeds

oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

not winged.

oblong (compressed), 1.8–2.8(–3.5) × 1–2 mm; winged distally (wing narrow all around).

Trichomes

of leaves primarily 3- or 4-rayed, sometimes mixed with 5-rayed ones, 2-rayed trichomes primarily on stem and pedicels.

of leaves 2–5(–7)-rayed on adaxial leaf surface.

2n

= 16.

= 36.

Erysimum cheiranthoides

Erysimum menziesii

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Jan–Aug.
Habitat Dry stream beds, moist areas, waste ground, fields, pastures, disturbed ground Stabilized coastal sand dunes
Elevation 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) 0-300 m (0-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Erysimum menziesii is restricted to the coasts of Humboldt, Mendocino, and Monterey counties. R. A. Price (1993) divided the species into four subspecies, three of which were invalidly published.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 539. FNA vol. 7, p. 542.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum
Sibling taxa
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
Synonyms Cheiranthus cheiranthoides, Cheirinia cheiranthoides Hesperis menziesii, Cheiranthus grandiflorus
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 661. (1753) (Hooker) Wettstein: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 283. (1889)
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