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treacle mustard, treacle wallflower, worm-seed mustard, wormseed wallflower

Cascade wallflower, sand-dwelling wallflower

Habit Annuals. Perennials; (caudex simple or many-branched).
Stems

erect, often branched distally, (ribbed), (0.7–)1.5–10(–15) dm.

erect, unbranched or branched (several) basally, 0.4–3 dm.

Basal leaves

(withered by fruiting), similar to cauline.

blade usually oblanceolate, rarely spatulate, 2–8 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins entire or dentate, apex acute or obtuse.

Cauline leaves

(median and distal) shortly petiolate or sessile;

blade (lanceolate, linear, or elliptic-oblong, (1–)2–7(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–23) mm, base cuneate) margins usually subentire or denticulate, rarely sinuate-dentate, (apex acute or obtuse).

(distal) sessile;

blade margins entire or dentate-sinuate.

Racemes

considerably elongated in fruit.

considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong, 1.8–3.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals yellow, narrowly spatulate, 3–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 1.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 2–3.5 mm;

anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm.

sepals oblong to linear-oblong, 7–10 mm, lateral pair saccate basally;

petals yellow, obovate, 14–27 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 9–13 mm, apex rounded;

median filaments 9–12 mm;

anthers linear, 2–3.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, 5–13(–16) mm.

divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 5–8 mm.

Fruits

suberect or divaricate-ascending, linear, straight, somewhat torulose, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) cm × 1–1.3 mm, 4-angled, not striped;

valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 3–5-rayed, densely pubescent inside;

ovules (20–)30–55 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm;

stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

erect to ascending, narrowly linear, often straight, sometimes twisted, strongly torulose, 3–10(–12) cm × 1.5–2.7 mm, latiseptate, not striped;

valves with somewhat prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–4-rayed, glabrous inside;

ovules 24–42 per ovary;

style cylindrical, slender, 1.5–5 mm, sparsely pubescent;

stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide.

Seeds

oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

not winged.

oblong, 2–3.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm;

not winged or winged distally.

Trichomes

of leaves primarily 3- or 4-rayed, sometimes mixed with 5-rayed ones, 2-rayed trichomes primarily on stem and pedicels.

of leaves 2- or 3-rayed.

2n

= 16.

= 36.

Erysimum cheiranthoides

Erysimum arenicola

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Dry stream beds, moist areas, waste ground, fields, pastures, disturbed ground Rock crevices, talus slopes, alpine areas, open ridges, gravelly ground
Elevation 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) 900-2200 m (3000-7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Erysimum arenicola is distributed at the higher elevations of northern Oregon northward into the Olympic and Cascade mountains in Washington and Vancouver Island.

Both G. B. Rossbach (1958) and R. C. Rollins (1993) recognized Erysimum arenicola as a distinct species. It is closely related to E. perenne and both can be easily distinguished from E. capitatum, with which they hybridize where their ranges meet, by the strongly torulose (versus not torulose) fruits and the longer styles 1.5–5.5 versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 539. FNA vol. 7, p. 536.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum
Sibling taxa
E. ammophilum, E. arenicola, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
E. ammophilum, E. asperum, E. capitatum, E. cheiranthoides, E. cheiri, E. coarctatum, E. concinnum, E. franciscanum, E. hieraciifolium, E. inconspicuum, E. insulare, E. menziesii, E. occidentale, E. pallasii, E. perenne, E. repandum, E. suffrutescens, E. teretifolium
Synonyms Cheiranthus cheiranthoides, Cheirinia cheiranthoides Cheiranthus arenicola, E. arenicola var. torulosum, E. torulosum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 661. (1753) S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 124. (1891)
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