Erysimum cheiranthoides |
Erysimum arenicola |
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treacle mustard, treacle wallflower, worm-seed mustard, wormseed wallflower |
Cascade wallflower, sand-dwelling wallflower |
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Habit | Annuals. | Perennials; (caudex simple or many-branched). |
Stems | erect, often branched distally, (ribbed), (0.7–)1.5–10(–15) dm. |
erect, unbranched or branched (several) basally, 0.4–3 dm. |
Basal leaves | (withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. |
blade usually oblanceolate, rarely spatulate, 2–8 cm × 3–10 mm, base attenuate, margins entire or dentate, apex acute or obtuse. |
Cauline leaves | (median and distal) shortly petiolate or sessile; blade (lanceolate, linear, or elliptic-oblong, (1–)2–7(–11) cm × (2–)5–12(–23) mm, base cuneate) margins usually subentire or denticulate, rarely sinuate-dentate, (apex acute or obtuse). |
(distal) sessile; blade margins entire or dentate-sinuate. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.8–3.2 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals yellow, narrowly spatulate, 3–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm, claw 1.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 2–3.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
sepals oblong to linear-oblong, 7–10 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals yellow, obovate, 14–27 × 3.5–6 mm, claw 9–13 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 9–12 mm; anthers linear, 2–3.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or ascending, slender, much narrower than fruit, 5–13(–16) mm. |
divaricate-ascending, slender, narrower than fruit, 5–8 mm. |
Fruits | suberect or divaricate-ascending, linear, straight, somewhat torulose, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) cm × 1–1.3 mm, 4-angled, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 3–5-rayed, densely pubescent inside; ovules (20–)30–55 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, 0.5–1.5 mm; stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
erect to ascending, narrowly linear, often straight, sometimes twisted, strongly torulose, 3–10(–12) cm × 1.5–2.7 mm, latiseptate, not striped; valves with somewhat prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–4-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 24–42 per ovary; style cylindrical, slender, 1.5–5 mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma slightly 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. |
Seeds | oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm; not winged. |
oblong, 2–3.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm; not winged or winged distally. |
Trichomes | of leaves primarily 3- or 4-rayed, sometimes mixed with 5-rayed ones, 2-rayed trichomes primarily on stem and pedicels. |
of leaves 2- or 3-rayed. |
2n | = 16. |
= 36. |
Erysimum cheiranthoides |
Erysimum arenicola |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Dry stream beds, moist areas, waste ground, fields, pastures, disturbed ground | Rock crevices, talus slopes, alpine areas, open ridges, gravelly ground |
Elevation | 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) | 900-2200 m (3000-7200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
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OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Erysimum arenicola is distributed at the higher elevations of northern Oregon northward into the Olympic and Cascade mountains in Washington and Vancouver Island. Both G. B. Rossbach (1958) and R. C. Rollins (1993) recognized Erysimum arenicola as a distinct species. It is closely related to E. perenne and both can be easily distinguished from E. capitatum, with which they hybridize where their ranges meet, by the strongly torulose (versus not torulose) fruits and the longer styles 1.5–5.5 versus 0.2–2.5(–3) mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 539. | FNA vol. 7, p. 536. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum | Brassicaceae > tribe Erysimeae > Erysimum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cheiranthus cheiranthoides, Cheirinia cheiranthoides | Cheiranthus arenicola, E. arenicola var. torulosum, E. torulosum |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 661. (1753) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 124. (1891) |
Web links |
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