The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

bract-rocket, common dog-mustard, dog mustard, French rocket, hairy rocket, rocket-weed

Habit Plants sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes stiff, recurved (or retrorsely appressed). Annuals, biennials, or perennials [shrubs]; eglandular.
Stems

erect or ascending, unbranched or branched (few to several), 0.9–6.5(–8) dm.

Basal leaves

blade oblanceolate, 3–28 cm × 8–110 mm, margins dentate to deeply lobed or pinnatifid, lobes 3–10 each side, smaller than terminal, lobe margins crenate or dentate, surfaces sparsely pubescent.

Cauline leaves

similar to basal, distal shortly petiolate or sessile, blade smaller (distalmost 1–2 cm, passing into bracts, leaflike, linear, margins entire).

petiolate or sessile;

blade base auriculate or not, margins entire, dentate, serrate, or pinnately lobed.

Racemes

usually ebracteate, often elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals 3–5 × 1–2 mm, sparsely hispid apically;

petals white to pale yellow, 4–8 × 1.5–3 mm;

filaments 3.5–5.5 mm.

actinomorphic;

sepals erect, ascending, or spreading, lateral pair saccate or not basally;

petals white, cream, yellow, pink, lilac, lavender, or purple, claw present, often distinct;

filaments unappendaged, not winged;

pollen 3-colpate.

Fruiting pedicels

(3–)5–10(–20) mm.

Fruits

slightly torulose, 1–4.5 cm × 1–2(–2.7) mm;

terminal segment 1.5–4 mm;

style 1–3 mm.

silicles or siliques, dehiscent or indehiscent, usually segmented, usually latiseptate or terete (subterete or 4-angled in Erucastrum) [angustiseptate];

ovules (1–)2–276[–numerous] per ovary;

style usually distinct (absent in Cakile, obscure in Carrichtera, obsolete in Eruca);

stigma entire or strongly 2-lobed (sometimes slightly 2-lobed in Cakile).

Seeds

reddish brown, 1.1–1.5 × 0.7–0.8 mm, alveolate.

biseriate, uniseriate, or aseriate;

cotyledons usually conduplicate, rarely accumbent or incumbent (in Cakile).

Trichomes

absent or simple.

2n

= 30.

Erucastrum gallicum

Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae

Phenology Flowering Mar–Sep(-Dec in south, fruiting shortly after).
Habitat Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, along railroads, fields, gardens, orchards, beaches of Great Lakes
Elevation 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CA; CT; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TX; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced widely]
Discussion

A European native, Erucastrum gallicum was first recorded for North America from Massachusetts and Wisconsin (see J. O. Luken et al. 1993 for history of introduction and spread). It is naturalized in all the provinces of Canada and in parts of the United States, particularly the Midwest. It is an allopolyploid, with the n = 7 component from Diplotaxis erucoides/D. cossoniana and n = 8 from the E. nasturtiifolium complex (S. I. Warwick and L. D. Black 1993). I have not seen specimens from Maryland.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 46, species ca. 245 (13 genera, 28 species in the flora).

The generic boundaries in Brassiceae are largely artificial, and the number of genera may be substantially reduced.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 435. FNA vol. 7, p. 419.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Erucastrum Brassicaceae
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms Sisymbrium gallicum, E. pollichii
Name authority (Willdenow) O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(Beibl. 119): 56. (1916) de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 242. (1821)
Web links