Erucastrum gallicum |
Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae |
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bract-rocket, common dog-mustard, dog mustard, French rocket, hairy rocket, rocket-weed |
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Habit | Plants sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes stiff, recurved (or retrorsely appressed). | Annuals, biennials, or perennials [shrubs]; eglandular. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or branched (few to several), 0.9–6.5(–8) dm. |
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Basal leaves | blade oblanceolate, 3–28 cm × 8–110 mm, margins dentate to deeply lobed or pinnatifid, lobes 3–10 each side, smaller than terminal, lobe margins crenate or dentate, surfaces sparsely pubescent. |
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Cauline leaves | similar to basal, distal shortly petiolate or sessile, blade smaller (distalmost 1–2 cm, passing into bracts, leaflike, linear, margins entire). |
petiolate or sessile; blade base auriculate or not, margins entire, dentate, serrate, or pinnately lobed. |
Racemes | usually ebracteate, often elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals 3–5 × 1–2 mm, sparsely hispid apically; petals white to pale yellow, 4–8 × 1.5–3 mm; filaments 3.5–5.5 mm. |
actinomorphic; sepals erect, ascending, or spreading, lateral pair saccate or not basally; petals white, cream, yellow, pink, lilac, lavender, or purple, claw present, often distinct; filaments unappendaged, not winged; pollen 3-colpate. |
Fruiting pedicels | (3–)5–10(–20) mm. |
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Fruits | slightly torulose, 1–4.5 cm × 1–2(–2.7) mm; terminal segment 1.5–4 mm; style 1–3 mm. |
silicles or siliques, dehiscent or indehiscent, usually segmented, usually latiseptate or terete (subterete or 4-angled in Erucastrum) [angustiseptate]; ovules (1–)2–276[–numerous] per ovary; style usually distinct (absent in Cakile, obscure in Carrichtera, obsolete in Eruca); stigma entire or strongly 2-lobed (sometimes slightly 2-lobed in Cakile). |
Seeds | reddish brown, 1.1–1.5 × 0.7–0.8 mm, alveolate. |
biseriate, uniseriate, or aseriate; cotyledons usually conduplicate, rarely accumbent or incumbent (in Cakile). |
Trichomes | absent or simple. |
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2n | = 30. |
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Erucastrum gallicum |
Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep(-Dec in south, fruiting shortly after). | |
Habitat | Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, along railroads, fields, gardens, orchards, beaches of Great Lakes | |
Elevation | 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; CA; CT; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TX; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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North America; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced widely] |
Discussion | A European native, Erucastrum gallicum was first recorded for North America from Massachusetts and Wisconsin (see J. O. Luken et al. 1993 for history of introduction and spread). It is naturalized in all the provinces of Canada and in parts of the United States, particularly the Midwest. It is an allopolyploid, with the n = 7 component from Diplotaxis erucoides/D. cossoniana and n = 8 from the E. nasturtiifolium complex (S. I. Warwick and L. D. Black 1993). I have not seen specimens from Maryland. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 46, species ca. 245 (13 genera, 28 species in the flora). The generic boundaries in Brassiceae are largely artificial, and the number of genera may be substantially reduced. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 435. | FNA vol. 7, p. 419. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Erucastrum | Brassicaceae |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium gallicum, E. pollichii | |
Name authority | (Willdenow) O. E. Schulz: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(Beibl. 119): 56. (1916) | de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 242. (1821) |
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