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many-spike bog cotton, many-spike cotton-grass, narrow-leaf cotton-grass, tall cottongrass, tall cottonsedge

bog cottongrass, green-keel cotton-grass, green-keel cottonsedge, linaigrette verte, tassel cottongrass, thinleaf cottonsedge

Habit Plants colonial from long-creeping rhizomes. Plants cespitose or single-stemmed.
Culms

to 100 cm × (0.8–)1–1.2 mm distally.

20–90 cm × 0.9–1.2 mm distally.

Leaves

blades flat, tip trigonous, channeled in cross section, to 40 cm × 1.5–6(–8) mm;

distal leaf blade much longer than sheath.

blades flat, trigonous in cross section distally, to 30 cm × 2–6 mm;

distal leaf blade much longer than sheath.

Inflorescences

blade-bearing involucral bracts 1–3, proximally blade, often sheath black, leaflike, longest 1–12 cm.

blade-bearing involucral bracts 2–4, sometimes brown-tinged proximally, leaflike, to 7 cm.

Spikelets

(1–)2–10, in subumbels, patent or pendent, ovoid, 10–20 mm in flower, 20–50 mm in fruit;

peduncles 5–60 mm, smooth or scabrous;

scales lanceolate or ovate, 5–10 mm, with prominent midrib fading proximal to tip, apex ± acute;

proximal scales without lateral ribs.

3–30, in subumbels, lax, oblong-ovoid, 6–10 mm in flower, 15–30 mm in fruit;

peduncles (2–)10–60 mm, scabrous;

scales dark green to gray, pale proximally, darker distally, ovate to lanceolate, 4–6 mm, margins scarious 0–0.1 mm wide, to 12 weak lateral ribs, midrib prominent, enlarged distally, reaching tip, sometimes excurrent, apex acute.

Flowers

perianth bristles 10 or more, white or pale yellow brown, 15–30 mm, smooth;

anthers 2–5 mm.

perianth bristles 10 or more, white to pale brown, 15–25 mm, smooth;

anthers 0.8–2 mm.

Achenes

black, oblanceoloid, 2–5 mm.

dark brown, narrowly obovoid, 2.5–3.5 mm.

Eriophorum angustifolium

Eriophorum viridicarinatum

Phenology Fruiting summer.
Habitat Marshes, meadows, bogs, fens, wet woods
Elevation 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NY; OR; SD; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; n Eurasia
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; ND; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

eriophorum polystachion linnaeus is a rejected name

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Peduncles glabrous or scabrous on angles; culms 20–100 cm.
subsp. angustifolium
1. Peduncles usually scabrous all around; culms not more than 30 cm.
subsp. triste
Source FNA vol. 23, p. 23. FNA vol. 23, p. 23.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Eriophorum Cyperaceae > Eriophorum
Sibling taxa
E. brachyantherum, E. callitrix, E. chamissonis, E. crinigerum, E. gracile, E. scheuchzeri, E. tenellum, E. vaginatum, E. virginicum, E. viridicarinatum
E. angustifolium, E. brachyantherum, E. callitrix, E. chamissonis, E. crinigerum, E. gracile, E. scheuchzeri, E. tenellum, E. vaginatum, E. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
E. angustifolium subsp. angustifolium, E. angustifolium subsp. triste
Synonyms E. latifolium var. viridicarinatum
Name authority Honckeny: Verz. Gew. Teutschl., 153. (1782) (Engelmann) Fernald: Rhodora 7: 89. (1905)
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