Eriogonum fasciculatum |
Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum |
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California buckwheat, California wild buckwheat, eastern Mojave buckwheat, eastern Mojave wild buckwheat |
California buckwheat, coastal California buckwheat, eastern Mojave buckwheat, leafy California buckwheat |
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Habit | Shrubs or subshrubs, compact to spreading or rounded and more or less erect, occasionally decumbent, infrequently scapose, (1–)2–15 × 2–25(–30) dm, tomentose to canescent, floccose, or glabrous. | Shrubs, rounded to erect, 6–15 × (8–)10–25 dm. | ||||||||||||
Stems | sprawling or spreading to erect, often with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/2 or more height of plant; caudex stems absent or matted to spreading; aerial flowering stems erect to spreading, slender, solid, not fistulose, 0.3–2.5(–3) dm, tomentose, canescent, or glabrous. |
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Aerial flowering stems | thinly tomentose or glabrous. |
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Leaves | cauline, 1 per node or fasciculate; petiole 0.1–0.3 cm, canescent; blade linear to linear-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, 0.6–1.5(–1.8) × 0.05–0.4(–0.6) cm, white-tomentose or canescent to subglabrous abaxially, tomentose or canescent and grayish, subglabrous, or glabrous and green adaxially, margins often revolute. |
blades linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, 0.6–1.2 × 0.1–0.4 cm, densely white-tomentose abaxially, less so to green and floccose adaxially, margins plane usually tightly revolute. |
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Inflorescences | cymose, infrequently cymose-umbellate or capitate, compact to open, occasionally flat-topped, 0.2–20 × 0.2–15 cm; branches dichotomous, infrequently absent, tomentose to canescent or glabrous; bracts usually 3, scalelike, triangular, and 1–3 mm, or leaflike, linear to oblanceolate, and 3–10 × 1–3 mm. |
open and mostly cymose; branches thinly tomentose or glabrous. |
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Peduncles | absent. |
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Involucres | (1–)3–8 per cluster, turbinate to campanulate, 2–4 × 1.5–3 mm, canescent, pubescent, glabrous, or subglabrous; teeth 5, erect, 0.3–1.2 mm. |
turbinate, 3–4 × (1.5–)2–2.5 mm, pubescent. |
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Flowers | 2.5–3 mm; perianth white to pinkish, glabrous or pubescent; tepals connate proximal 1/4, monomorphic, usually elliptic to obovate; stamens exserted, 2.5–5 mm; filaments subglabrous or pubescent proximally. |
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Perianths | pubescent at least proximally. |
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Achenes | light brown to brown, 1.8–2.5 mm, glabrous. |
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2n | = 80. |
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Eriogonum fasciculatum |
Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy to gravelly flats and slopes, mixed grassland and chaparral communities, oak and conifer woodlands | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 60-1300(-1600) m (200-4300(-5200) ft) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT; including nw Mexico
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CA; Mexico (Baja California) |
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Discussion | Varieties 5 (4 in the flora). Eriogonum fasciculatum is a complex, polyploid series of variants that are generally distinct but often difficult to distinguish morphologically. Variety emphereium Reveal is confined to central Baja California, Mexico. The introduction of Eriogonum fasciculatum as a decorative roadside plant by the California Department of Transportation is resulting in hybrid populations involving E. cinereum. The aggressively weedy and (for Arizona) exotic variety foliosum is rapidly invading the native habitat of var. polifolium. Members of E. fasciculatum are food plants for several butterflies, notably the Bernardino dotted-blue (Euphilotes bernardino), lupine blue (Plebeius lupini), Mormon metalmark (Apodemia mormo), and Behr’s metalmark (A. virgulti). Probably the butterfly most commonly seen with the species is the nut-brown hairstreak (Satyrium saepium), which frequents plants in full flower. Eriogonum fasciculatum is also the most important native source of honey in California. This widespread species was used extensively by Native Americans for a variety of ailments. Its application for pain and headaches (D. P. Barrows 1900; K. Hedges 1986; E. W. Voegelin 1938) was rather common, as was its general use for diarrhea (Hedges; Voegelin). M. L. Zigmond (1981) reported that the Kawaiisu lined their acorn granaries with leaves of var. proliferum to keep out rain—a daunting challenge given the size of the leaves! L. Hinton (1975) reported the use of a decoction of dried flowers and roots to maintain a healthy heart, and M. C. Stevenson (1915) indicated that a powder derived from the roots was used by the Zuñi to treat wounds, whereas a root decoction was taken for colds and hoarseness. B. R. Bocek (1984) reported that the Costanoan Indians of California used a decoction of the plant to treat unspecified urinary problems. F. H. Elmore (1943) reported the use of a decoction of var. proliferum by the Navajo (Diné) people as an anti-witchcraft medicine. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety foliolosum is widespread and common to abundant, often being a dominant shrub in the chaparral in the Coast Ranges of California (Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, Orange, Riverside, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Stanislaus, and Ventura counties). It is an octoploid and may be the product of an ancient hybridization involving the coastal var. fasciculatum and desert var. polifolium. Variety foliolosum is being widely planted by the California Department of Transportation along roadsides, where it has hybridized with E. cinereum. As a very unfortunate result, the distribution of var. foliolosum has now expanded into northern California (Alameda, Marin, San Francisco, Trinity, and likely other countries) and even into Oregon (Jackson County). In southern Arizona, var. foliolosum has been introduced as a roadside plant in Maricopa County, and has been found (Bierner 90-45, ARIZ, TEX) escaped along a roadside in Graham County. Since this is a potentially aggressive weedy shrub, efforts should be made to curtail its introduction into areas outside its native range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 297. | FNA vol. 5, p. 299. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Eriogonum > subg. Eucycla | Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Eriogonum > subg. Eucycla > Eriogonum fasciculatum | ||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | E. rosmarinifolium var. foliolosum, E. fasciculatum subsp. foliolosum, E. fasciculatum var. obtusiflorum | |||||||||||||
Name authority | Bentham: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 411. (1836) | (Nuttall) S. Stokes ex Abrams: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 351. (1910) | ||||||||||||
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