Cithara buckwheat, Cithara wild buckwheat
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Herbs, spreading to erect, 2–3(–5) dm, glabrous or tomentose, greenish or reddish. |
Herbs, spreading to erect or prostrate, rarely decumbent annuals, glabrous or floccose to tomentose or lanate, sometimes sericeous puberulent, or short-pilose; taproot not woody. |
aerial flowering stems erect, 0.5–1 dm, glabrous or tomentose. |
prostrate, ascending or erect, without persistent leaf bases, lanate, tomentose, floccose, or glabrous, sometimes sericeous, puberulent, or short-pilose; caudex absent; aerial flowering stems prostrate to ascending or erect, slender to stout, solid, not fistulose, not disarticulating in ringlike segments proximally, arising directly from root. |
basal and sometimes cauline; basal: petiole 1–5 cm, tomentose to floccose, often slightly winged, blade oblanceolate or elliptic to ovate or nearly rounded, 1–2 × 0.5–1.5(–2) cm, tomentose abaxially, floccose to glabrate and grayish to greenish adaxially; cauline: petiole 0.5–2 cm, floccose, blade elliptic, 0.3–1 cm × 0.2–0.7 cm, similar to basal blade. |
persistent or marcescent, basal, cauline, or basal and cauline, 1 per node not fasciculate; blade tomentose to floccose or glabrous, sometimes sericeous, puberulent, or short-pilose, not glandular. |
cymose, distally uniparous due to suppression of secondary branches, open, 5–25 × 5–25 cm; branches usually inwardly curved, glabrous or tomentose; bracts 0.5–2.5 × 0.5–2 mm. |
cymose, open or diffuse; bracts 3, connate basally, scalelike. |
absent. |
usually absent, when present restricted to proximal nodes, erect, straight, slender. |
somewhat appressed to branches, turbinate, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm, glabrous; teeth 5, erect, 0.2–0.4 mm. |
1 per node, usually appressed to the inflorescence branches, cylindric to turbinate or rarely campanulate; teeth 5, rarely 6–8, erect or rarely spreading, rarely lobelike, spreading to somewhat reflexed and dividing involucral tube nearly to base. |
1.5–2 mm; perianth white to rose, glabrous; tepals monomorphic, oblong-obovate; stamens included, 1–1.5 mm; filaments pilose proximally. |
abruptly narrowing to acute base on slender pedicel, without stipelike base; perianth cream, white to pink or rose, yellow, or red, rarely ochroleucous, usually glabrous or glandular, sometimes hispid, hispidulous, pubescent, or hirtellous abaxially, occasionally papillose, mostly glabrous adaxially; tepals connate proximally 1/4–1/2 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens included or exserted; filaments glabrous or pilose proximally. |
brown, 3-gonous, 1–1.5 mm. |
light to dark brown or rarely nearly black, not winged, lenticular to more often 3-gonous, glabrous. |
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embryo curved. |
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CA
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w North America including n Mexico; mainly Calif |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The graceful, upwardly curved branch segments of Eriogonum cithariforme generally are distinctive in older plants, although an occasional individual of E. davidsonii may have this feature. A distinction between E. cithariforme and E. roseum also is troublesome, as in young material the curved branch segments are not always obvious. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 28 (26 in the flora). The species of Eriogonum subg. Oregonium not treated here are E. foliosum S. Watson and E. hastatum Wiggins; they occur in northern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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1. Involucres terminal at tips of short branchlets proximally, not appressed to branches; peduncles sometimes present | → 2 |
1. Involucres not terminal at tips of short branchlets proximally, usually appressed to branches; peduncles absent | → 11 |
2. Flowers 0.7-1.5 mm; perianth yellow or cream; arid regions of e and se California, wc Nevada | → 3 |
2. Flowers 1-2.5(-3) mm; perianth yellow or white to pink, rose, or red; Coast Ranges and w Sierra Nevada, California | → 4 |
3. Perianths yellow; flowers 0.7-1 mm; inflorescences diffuse, spreading; Mojave Desert, se Kern, ne Los Angeles, and nw San Bernardino counties, California | E. mohavense |
3. Perianths cream; flowers 1-1.5 mm; inflorescences narrow; Great Basin, s Mono and n Inyo counties, California, w Mineral and Esmeralda counties, Nevada | E. ampullaceum |
4. Stems glabrous; involucres sessile or, if short-pedunculate, plants from western foothills of Sierra Nevada, California | → 5 |
4. Stems tomentose or, if glabrous, involucres pedunculate at proximal nodes and plants from Coast Ranges of California | → 7 |
5. Basal leaf blades oblong-ovate, reniform, or rounded to cordate; involucres 3-4 mm, 5-toothed; n California from San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Mariposa counties n to sw and sc Oregon | E. luteolum |
5. Basal leaf blades suborbiculate or round to reniform; involucres 2-4 mm, 5-8-toothed; wc California from Santa Clara and Stanislaus counties s to Santa Barbara and Ventura counties | → 6 |
6. Involucres 2-2.5 mm; 5-toothed; flowers 2-2.5(-3) mm, perianth minutely puberulent, white to rose or yellow in fruit; Santa Clara and Stanislaus counties s to w Kern and nw Ventura counties, California | E. covilleanum |
6. Involucres 3-4 mm; 6-8-toothed; flowers 1-2 mm, perianth glabrous, white to rose in fruit; c Monterey and w San Benito counties, California | E. nortonii |
7. Involucres glabrous; e Monterey, w San Benito, and s Santa Clara (extirpated) counties, California | E. argillosum |
7. Involucres tomentose; Contra Costa, Fresno, Kern, Merced, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, and Solano counties, California | → 8 |
8. Leaves strictly basal, blade suborbiculate; styles 0.1-0.3 mm; sw Fresno County, California | E. eastwoodianum |
8. Leaves basal and subbasal, or basal and cauline, suborbiculate or narrowly oblong to ovate; styles 0.2-1 mm; Contra Costa, Fresno, Kern, Merced, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, and Solano counties, California | → 9 |
9. Involucres 2.5-3.5(-4) mm; styles 0.2-0.3 mm; e Contra Costa and s Solano counties, California (extinct) | E. truncatum |
9. Involucres (1.5-)1.8-2.5 mm; styles 0.2-1 mm; Fresno, Kern, Merced Monterey, San Benito, and San Luis Obispo counties, California | → 10 |
10. Perianths not pustulose; achene beaks granular; involucres 2-2.5 mm; leaves basal and subbasal, rarely cauline; nw Kern, se Monterey, and ne San Luis Obispo counties, California | E. temblorense |
10. Perianths pustulose; achene beaks papillose; involucres (1.5-)1.8-2 mm; leaves basal and often cauline; w Fresno, sw Merced, and se San Benito counties, California | E. vestitum |
11. Leaf blades puberulent to short-pilose or sericeous; flowering stems and inflorescence branches puberulent to short-pilose or sericeous | → 12 |
11. Leaf blades tomentose at least abaxially; flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous or tomentose to floccose or lanate | → 13 |
12. Outer tepals oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate; plants puberulent to short-pilose; n Arizona, nw and sw Colorado, nw New Mexico, e and wc Utah, sw Wyoming | E. divaricatum |
12. Outer tepals fan-shaped and hooded; plants sericeous; nw Arizona, se Nevada, sc Utah | E. darrovii |
13. Perianths densely pubescent, white to rose; nw California | E. dasyanthemum |
13. Perianths glabrous or sparsely glandular, not densely hairy, white, creamy white, yellow, rose, or red; widespread | → 14 |
14. Involucres (1.8-)2-5(-7) mm; outer tepals not fan-shaped | → 15 |
14. Involucres 1-1.5 mm or, if 2 mm, outer tepals fan-shaped or slightly hastate proximally and plants primarily of Great Basin and warm desert regions | → 21 |
15. Leaf blades oblong-obovate to oblanceolate or oblong; flowering stems and inflorescence branches lanate to tomentose or floccose or, if glabrous, plants not of central Sierra Nevada | → 16 |
15. Leaf blades round-ovate to rounded, reniform, or nearly so or, if not, inflorescence branches glabrous and plants of Sierra Nevada; flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous or tomentose to floccose | → 18 |
16. Involucres (3.5-)4-5 mm, cylindric; outer tepals narrowly obovate to oblong; achenes 1.8-2(-2.2) mm; California and sw Oregon | E. roseum |
16. Involucres (1.8-)2-3 mm, turbinate; outer tepals lanceolate to oblong or oblong-obovate; achenes 1-2 mm; California | → 17 |
17. Inflorescence branches straight; basal leaf blades oblanceolate to oblong, (0.8-)1-4(-6) cm, petiole not winged; involucres (1.8-)2-3 mm; flowers 1.5-3 mm; perianth white to pink or yellow; California | E. gracile |
17. Inflorescence branches upwardly curved; basal leaf blades oblanceolate or elliptic to ovate or nearly rounded, 1-2 cm, petiole occasionally winged; involucres 2.5-3 mm; flowers 1.5-2 mm, perianth white to rose; sw California | E. cithariforme |
18. Inflorescence branches floccose, especially proximally; leaves basal; perianths white to rose or pale yellow; nw California, w Idaho, n Nevada, c and e Oregon, se Washington | E. vimineum |
18. Inflorescence branches glabrous or occasionally tomentose, or if floccose then leaves basal and cauline; stems usually 1; perianths white to pink, red, or yellow; California | → 19 |
19. Involucres (3.5-)4-5(-7) mm; plants 4-10 dm; s California | E. molestum |
19. Involucres 2-4 mm; plants 1-5 dm; California n to Oregon, e to Arizona and Utah | → 20 |
20. Leaves basal and cauline, involucres 3-3.5 mm, and flowers 1.5-2 mm on floccose inflorescence branches or, if leaves strictly basal and stems glabrous, involucres 2-3.5 mm and plants of foothills and mid-elevation of central Sierra Nevada; perianths white to rose; n California | E. luteolum |
20. Leaves basal; involucres 3-4 mm; flowers 1.5-2 mm; perianth white to pink or red, rarely yellow; flowering stems glabrous; w Arizona, s California, s Nevada, s Utah | E. davidsonii |
21. Stems glabrous or, if tomentose, then flowers glandular and plants of eastern slope of Sierra Nevada and Great Basin; outer tepals oblong to oblong-obovate | → 22 |
21. Stems tomentose to floccose; outer tepals narrowly to broadly fan-shaped or slightly hastate proximally | → 24 |
22. Perianths yellow or pale yellowish, rarely whitish; flowers 0.6-0.8(-1) mm;e California, w Nevada, sc Oregon | E. brachyanthum |
22. Perianths white to rose; flowers 1-2 mm; e and s California, sc Idaho, Nevada, e Oregon, sw Utah, e Washington | → 23 |
23. Flowers 1.5-2 mm; perianths usually minutely glandular, rarely glabrous; flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous or tomentose; e and s California, sc Idaho, Nevada, e Oregon, sw Utah, e Washington | E. baileyi |
23. Flowers 1-1.5 mm; perianths glabrous; flowering stems and inflorescence branches glabrous; sw California | E. elegans |
24. Outer tepals slightly hastate proximally in fruit; flowers 0.8-1.2 mm; involucres campanulate, 1-2 mm; montane habitats; c Riverside, w San Bernardino, and nc San Diego counties, California (presumed extinct) | E. evanidum |
24. Outer tepals fan-shaped; flowers 1-3.5 mm; involucres 1-2.5 mm; desert habitats; not of c Riverside, w San Bernardino, and nc San Diego counties, California | → 25 |
25. Leaves cauline; leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate to broadly elliptic; plants narrowly erect, (0.5-)1-6 dm; perianths white, becoming pink or red; c and s Arizona, se California (presumed extirpated), w and s New Mexico, w Texas, s Utah | E. polycladon |
25. Leaves basal; leaf blades suborbiculate or rounded to cordate; plants usually spreading, 0.5-1.5(-3) dm; perianths white to pink or pale yellow to yellow, rarely creamy white, becoming pink or red; widespread | → 26 |
26. Perianths pale yellow or yellow, rarely creamy white, becoming red; outer tepals broadly fan-shaped; inflorescences diffuse, branches inwardly curved distally; achenes 1-1.3 mm; nw Arizona, e California, sw Idaho, Nevada, se Oregon, sw Utah | E. nidularium |
26. Perianths white to pink or pale yellowish, outer tepals narrowly fan-shaped; inflorescences open, branches not inwardly curved distally; achenes 1.5-1.8 mm; Arizona, e California, nw and sw Colorado, sw Idaho, Nevada, w New Mexico, Utah | E. palmerianum |
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FNA vol. 5, p. 424. |
FNA vol. 5, p. 413. |
Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Eriogonum > subg. Oregonium |
Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Eriogonum |
E. abertianum, E. acaule, E. alatum, E. aliquantum, E. allenii, E. alpinum, E. ammophilum, E. ampullaceum, E. androsaceum, E. anemophilum, E. angulosum, E. annuum, E. apiculatum, E. apricum, E. arborescens, E. arcuatum, E. aretioides, E. argillosum, E. argophyllum, E. arizonicum, E. artificis, E. atrorubens, E. baileyi, E. batemanii, E. bicolor, E. bifurcatum, E. brachyanthum, E. brachypodum, E. brandegeei, E. breedlovei, E. brevicaule, E. butterworthianum, E. caespitosum, E. capillare, E. cernuum, E. chrysops, E. cinereum, E. clavatum, E. clavellatum, E. codium, E. collinum, E. coloradense, E. compositum, E. concinnum, E. congdonii, E. contiguum, E. contortum, E. correllii, E. corymbosum, E. covilleanum, E. crocatum, E. cronquistii, E. crosbyae, E. cusickii, E. darrovii, E. dasyanthemum, E. davidsonii, E. deflexum, E. deserticola, E. desertorum, E. diatomaceum, E. diclinum, E. divaricatum, E. douglasii, E. eastwoodianum, E. effusum, E. elatum, E. elegans, E. elongatum, E. ephedroides, E. eremicola, E. eremicum, E. ericifolium, E. esmeraldense, E. evanidum, E. exaltatum, E. exilifolium, E. fasciculatum, E. flavum, E. fusiforme, E. giganteum, E. gilmanii, E. glandulosum, E. gordonii, E. gossypinum, E. gracile, E. gracilipes, E. gracillimum, E. grande, E. greggii, E. gypsophilum, E. havardii, E. heermannii, E. helichrysoides, E. hemipterum, E. heracleoides, E. hieracifolium, E. hirtellum, E. hirtiflorum, E. hoffmannii, E. holmgrenii, E. hookeri, E. howellianum, E. hylophilum, E. incanum, E. inerme, E. inflatum, E. intrafractum, E. jamesii, E. jonesii, E. kelloggii, E. kennedyi, E. kingii, E. lachnogynum, E. lancifolium, E. latens, E. latifolium, E. lemmonii, E. leptocladon, E. leptophyllum, E. libertini, E. lobbii, E. loganum, E. lonchophyllum, E. longifolium, E. luteolum, E. maculatum, E. mancum, E. marifolium, E. mensicola, E. microthecum, E. mitophyllum, E. mohavense, E. molestum, E. mortonianum, E. multiflorum, E. natum, E. nealleyi, E. nervulosum, E. nidularium, E. niveum, E. nortonii, E. novonudum, E. nudum, E. nummulare, E. nutans, E. ochrocephalum, E. ordii, E. ostlundii, E. ovalifolium, E. palmerianum, E. panamintense, E. panguicense, E. parishii, E. parvifolium, E. pauciflorum, E. pelinophilum, E. pendulum, E. pharnaceoides, E. plumatella, E. polycladon, E. polypodum, E. prattenianum, E. prociduum, E. pulchrum, E. pusillum, E. pyrolifolium, E. racemosum, E. reniforme, E. ripleyi, E. rixfordii, E. robustum, E. rosense, E. roseum, E. rotundifolium, E. rubricaule, E. rupinum, E. salicornioides, E. saxatile, E. scabrellum, E. scopulorum, E. shockleyi, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. soliceps, E. soredium, E. spathulatum, E. spectabile, E. spergulinum, E. sphaerocephalum, E. strictum, E. subreniforme, E. suffruticosum, E. temblorense, E. tenellum, E. ternatum, E. terrenatum, E. thomasii, E. thompsoniae, E. thornei, E. thurberi, E. thymoides, E. tiehmii, E. tomentosum, E. trichopes, E. tripodum, E. truncatum, E. tumulosum, E. twisselmannii, E. umbellatum, E. ursinum, E. vestitum, E. villiflorum, E. vimineum, E. viridescens, E. viridulum, E. viscidulum, E. visheri, E. watsonii, E. wetherillii, E. wootonii, E. wrightii, E. zionis |
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E. ampullaceum, E. argillosum, E. baileyi, E. brachyanthum, E. cithariforme, E. covilleanum, E. darrovii, E. dasyanthemum, E. davidsonii, E. divaricatum, E. eastwoodianum, E. elegans, E. evanidum, E. gracile, E. luteolum, E. mohavense, E. molestum, E. nidularium, E. nortonii, E. palmerianum, E. polycladon, E. roseum, E. temblorense, E. truncatum, E. vestitum, E. vimineum |
E. gracile var. cithariforme, E. vimineum var. cithariforme |
E. section Oregonium |
S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 266. (1888) |
(S. Watson) Greene: Fl. Francisc., 146. (1891) |
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