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cross-leaf heath

heath

Habit Plants erect or ascending, 10–25 cm; twigs of current season green, with both appressed and spreading, stiff hairs, older twigs brown, glabrescent. Subshrubs or shrubs [trees].
Stems

erect, spreading, or creeping, (much-branched);

twigs glabrous or hairy.

Leaves

in whorls of 4;

petiole 0.1–0.3 mm;

blade linear-lanceolate, flat, 3–5.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, margins revolute, not prickled, abaxial surface stiffly short-hairy, adaxial sparsely, stiffly short-hairy (hairs ca. 0.1–0.2 mm), mixed with longer, glandular hairs (hairs 0.5–0.6 mm).

persistent, whorled;

petiole present;

blade coriaceous, margins ciliate, prickled, or glabrous.

Inflorescences

terminal umbels, capitate, 0.8–1.6 cm.

terminal or axillary, umbels, racemes, or panicles, 10–30-flowered;

perulae absent; (bracteoles 2–3).

Pedicels

2–3 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

calyx lobes narrowly deltate, 2.5 × 0.6–0.8 mm, margins entire, with short, stiff hairs, apex obtuse, with short, stiff hairs;

corolla light pink, campanulate, 4–5 mm, lobes deltate, 0.5 mm, apex acute;

stamens 10;

filaments ca. 3 mm;

anthers awned, ca. 0.7 mm, awns 2, basal, subulate, ca. 0.7 mm;

ovary hairy;

style 3–4 mm;

stigma included, not slender, capitate.

bisexual, radially symmetric;

sepals 4–5, distinct, (shorter than petals);

petals 4–5, connate nearly their entire lengths [connate ca. 1/2 their lengths], corolla persistent, campanulate;

stamens 10, included or exserted; (filaments glabrous);

anthers with or without awns, dehiscent through narrowly oblong, subterminal pores;

ovary pseudo-10-locular;

style (slender, straight), included or exserted, (glabrous);

stigma filiform, obconic, or capitate.

Fruits

capsular [drupaceous], ellipsoid, dehiscence loculicidal [indehiscent].

Capsules

1.5–2 mm.

Seeds

ellipsoid-ovoid, 0.3 × 0.3 mm, reticulate.

ca. 10, ellipsoid to obovoid, not winged, not tailed;

testa reticulate or foveolate.

x

= 12.

2n

= 24.

Erica tetralix

Erica

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Sandy, acidic, upland sites in old pastures and roadsides
Elevation 0-1100 m (0-3600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; MA; ME; NC; NH; NJ; OH; WV; NS; n Europe; w Europe [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Europe; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 860 (4 in the flora).

All of the naturalized species of Erica, as well as some others and hybrids, are cultivated, especially in the northeastern and northwestern coastal areas (D. Metheny 1991). Most require acid soils, although E. carnea, E. vagans, and E. ×darleyensis (E. carnea × E. erigena) will accept neutral soils (A. Mikolajski 1997). Over 700 species are endemic to the Cape region of southern Africa; recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the genus originated in Europe, and that the southern African species represent radiation from an ancestor of E. arborea (A. F. McGuire and K. A. Kron 2005).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pedicels 5-8 mm; corollas 2.5-3.5 mm; anthers without awns; petioles 0.5-1 mm.
E. vagans
1. Pedicels 1-3 mm; corollas 4-6 mm; anthers with awns; petioles 0.1-0.3 mm
→ 2
2. Stigmas obconic, exserted; calyx lobes ovate
E. lusitanica
2. Stigmas capitate, not (or slightly) exserted; calyx lobes deltate
→ 3
3. Leaves in whorls of 3, surfaces glabrous, but with marginal prickles; ovaries glabrous; corolla lobes rounded apically.
E. cinerea
3. Leaves in whorls of 4, surfaces with scattered hairs and glands; ovaries hairy; corolla lobes acute apically.
E. tetralix
Source FNA vol. 8, p. 494. FNA vol. 8, p. 492. Author: Gordon C. Tucker.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Erica Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae
Sibling taxa
E. cinerea, E. lusitanica, E. vagans
Subordinate taxa
E. cinerea, E. lusitanica, E. tetralix, E. vagans
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 353. 1753 , Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 352. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 167. 1754 ,
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