Erica tetralix |
Erica |
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cross-leaf heath |
heath |
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Habit | Plants erect or ascending, 10–25 cm; twigs of current season green, with both appressed and spreading, stiff hairs, older twigs brown, glabrescent. | Subshrubs or shrubs [trees]. | ||||||||||||
Stems | erect, spreading, or creeping, (much-branched); twigs glabrous or hairy. |
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Leaves | in whorls of 4; petiole 0.1–0.3 mm; blade linear-lanceolate, flat, 3–5.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, margins revolute, not prickled, abaxial surface stiffly short-hairy, adaxial sparsely, stiffly short-hairy (hairs ca. 0.1–0.2 mm), mixed with longer, glandular hairs (hairs 0.5–0.6 mm). |
persistent, whorled; petiole present; blade coriaceous, margins ciliate, prickled, or glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | terminal umbels, capitate, 0.8–1.6 cm. |
terminal or axillary, umbels, racemes, or panicles, 10–30-flowered; perulae absent; (bracteoles 2–3). |
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Pedicels | 2–3 mm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | calyx lobes narrowly deltate, 2.5 × 0.6–0.8 mm, margins entire, with short, stiff hairs, apex obtuse, with short, stiff hairs; corolla light pink, campanulate, 4–5 mm, lobes deltate, 0.5 mm, apex acute; stamens 10; filaments ca. 3 mm; anthers awned, ca. 0.7 mm, awns 2, basal, subulate, ca. 0.7 mm; ovary hairy; style 3–4 mm; stigma included, not slender, capitate. |
bisexual, radially symmetric; sepals 4–5, distinct, (shorter than petals); petals 4–5, connate nearly their entire lengths [connate ca. 1/2 their lengths], corolla persistent, campanulate; stamens 10, included or exserted; (filaments glabrous); anthers with or without awns, dehiscent through narrowly oblong, subterminal pores; ovary pseudo-10-locular; style (slender, straight), included or exserted, (glabrous); stigma filiform, obconic, or capitate. |
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Fruits | capsular [drupaceous], ellipsoid, dehiscence loculicidal [indehiscent]. |
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Capsules | 1.5–2 mm. |
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Seeds | ellipsoid-ovoid, 0.3 × 0.3 mm, reticulate. |
ca. 10, ellipsoid to obovoid, not winged, not tailed; testa reticulate or foveolate. |
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x | = 12. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Erica tetralix |
Erica |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–summer. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy, acidic, upland sites in old pastures and roadsides | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-1100 m (0-3600 ft) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
CT; MA; ME; NC; NH; NJ; OH; WV; NS; n Europe; w Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Europe; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America] |
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Discussion | Species ca. 860 (4 in the flora). All of the naturalized species of Erica, as well as some others and hybrids, are cultivated, especially in the northeastern and northwestern coastal areas (D. Metheny 1991). Most require acid soils, although E. carnea, E. vagans, and E. ×darleyensis (E. carnea × E. erigena) will accept neutral soils (A. Mikolajski 1997). Over 700 species are endemic to the Cape region of southern Africa; recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the genus originated in Europe, and that the southern African species represent radiation from an ancestor of E. arborea (A. F. McGuire and K. A. Kron 2005). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 494. | FNA vol. 8, p. 492. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 353. 1753 , | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 352. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 167. 1754 , | ||||||||||||
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