Epilobium siskiyouense |
Epilobium glaberrimum |
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Siskiyou fireweed, Siskiyou rock-fringe, Siskiyou willow-herb |
glaucous willowherb, glaucus willowherb, smooth willowherb |
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| Habit | Herbs ± suffruticose, shoots from woody caudex with barklike periderm extending to 40 cm below ground, shoots with scaly bases. | Herbs with branching, wiry basal shoots with crowded, often dark, scales. | ||||
| Stems | several to many, erect to ascending, loosely clumped, terete, 10–25 cm, rarely branched distal to base, usually short-villous and strigillose throughout, mixed sparsely glandular puberulent distally, rarely subglabrous proximal to inflorescence. |
many, erect or ascending, often densely clumped, slender, terete, 5–75(–85) cm, simple or distally branched, glabrous and glaucous, sometimes strigillose and/or mixed glandular puberulent distally, rarely with faint raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of distal petioles. |
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| Leaves | opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate and usually crowded distally, sessile; blade gray-green, narrowly to broadly ovate, 1.3–2.6 × 0.8–2 cm, base rounded to subcordate, margins usually serrulate, 6–12 teeth per side, rarely subentire, veins inconspicuous, 3–5 per side, apex rounded proximally to acute distally, surfaces sparsely short-villous to subglabrous and glaucous; bracts much reduced. |
opposite and crowded proximal to inflorescence, alternate and widely spaced distally, subsessile and ± clasping; blade light green or blue-green, very narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate or elliptic, (0.5–)1–7.2 × (0.3–)0.5–1.8 cm, base cuneate, margins subentire or faintly denticulate, 8–15 teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, glabrous and glaucous; bracts much reduced and narrower. |
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| Inflorescences | erect, compact racemes, densely canescent and glandular puberulent, or subglabrous, only ovaries pubescent. |
erect racemes, glabrous or ± sparsely glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose. |
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| Flowers | erect; buds often purplish green, 9–11 × 3.5–5 mm, blunt; pedicel 6–12 mm; floral tube 2.1–4 × 2.9–5 mm, prominent ring of tissue 0.3–0.6 mm wide, edged by spreading hairs, 0.9–1.8 mm from base of tube inside; sepals purplish green, 5–10.5 × 2–3.5 mm, apex acute; petals pink to rose-purple, obcordate, 10–22.5 × 9.5–15.5 mm, apical notch 2–6.5 mm; filaments cream, those of longer stamens 6.5–14 mm, those of shorter ones 3.5–11 mm; anthers cream 1.9–3.3 × 0.7–1.2 mm; ovary 12–22 mm, ± densely canescent and glandular puberulent; style white to light pink, 10.5–18 mm, sparsely villous just proximal to stigma, stigma broadly 4-lobed, 1–1.8 × 2.4–4.2 mm, exserted beyond anthers. |
erect; buds 2.5–5 × 2–3.5 mm; pedicel 2–11(–20) mm; floral tube 0.7–2.3 × 1–2.5 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside or without a ring; sepals often red-tipped, sometimes keeled, 2.5–7.5 × 0.8–2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous or strigillose and/or glandular puberulent; petals usually light pink to rose-purple, rarely white, 3.4–10(–12) × 1.8–5 mm, apical notch 0.5–3 mm; filaments purple to white or cream, those of longer stamens 2.4–5(–6) mm, those of shorter ones 1.4–4 mm; anthers light yellow, 0.5–1.2(–1.5) × 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary 10–42 mm, subglabrous to sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; style light yellow or cream, 1.7–5(–7) mm, stigma clavate to subcapitate, 0.8–3 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, longer anthers. |
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| Capsules | 25–45 mm, surfaces canescent and glandular puberulent; pedicel 6–25 mm. |
15–75 mm, with small protuberance at base, surfaces subglabrous to sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; pedicel 5–18(–25) mm. |
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| Seeds | narrowly obovoid, 1.4–1.9 × 0.6–0.7 mm, with low, obscure chalazal collar, light brown, surface papillose; coma easily detached, somewhat tawny, 4–8 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, 0.7–1(–1.3) × 0.3–0.5 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, light brown or gray, surface coarsely papillose in longitudinal rows; coma readily detached, white, 4–9 mm. |
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| 2n | = 36. |
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Epilobium siskiyouense |
Epilobium glaberrimum |
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| Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug. | |||||
| Habitat | Stream banks, moist, rocky slopes, montane ridges, sometimes on serpentine areas. | |||||
| Elevation | 1600–2500 m. [5200–8200 ft.] | |||||
| Distribution |
CA; OR
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w North America; nw Mexico
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| Discussion | Epilobium siskiyouense is endemic to the Klamath region in southwestern Oregon (Jackson County) and north-central California in the Salmon, Scott Bar, and Siskiyou mountains of Siskiyou and Trinity counties. As noted by Hoch and Raven, this geographical range and several morphological features appear to be intermediate between those of E. obcordatum and E. rigidum. All three species have unusually large flowers (12–26 mm) with four-lobed stigmas, and as a group are quite distinct from their congeners in the region. Despite these similarities, the three taxa differ substantially in details of floral structure, especially regarding the dimensions of the floral tube. Specifically, E. rigidum has mean petal length 18.2 mm, floral tubes 1–1.6 × 2.5–3.6 mm; E. siskiyouense mean petal length 17.1 mm, floral tubes 2.1–4 × 2.9–5 mm; and E. obcordatum mean petal length 18.6 mm, floral tubes 3.2–5.2 × 2.2–3.6 mm. Thus, in flowers that are similar in overall size and aspect, E. rigidum has a very short, broad floral tube, E. obcordatum has a relatively long, narrow tube, and E. siskiyouense has a tube intermediate in size and shape. In terms of the ratio of tube length to width, the three taxa do not overlap. Although these characters are difficult to include in a key (since they require floral dissection and/or precise measurements), they are diagnostic for these species. Epilobium siskiyouense has an additional diagnostic floral character that is unique in the genus. Whereas most other species of Epilobium have a simple ring of spreading hairs, sometimes with a low ridge of tissue near the mouth of the floral tube, E. siskiyouense has a relatively broad ring of tissue (0.3–0.6 mm wide), shaped like a washer, from which spreading hairs arise; this feature may provide protection for the nectar. Epilobium siskiyouense has two distinct patterns of vestiture on the stems. In some specimens, the lower stems are mixed canescent and glandular puberulent and the inflorescence only glandular puberulent. In other specimens, the stems are subglabrous below a sparsely canescent and glandular puberulent inflorescence. There is no obvious correlation of this difference with any other morphological, ecological, or geographical factors. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Epilobium glaberrimum is restricted mainly to the Sierra Nevada-Cascade region, but also (subsp. fastigiatum) in the northern Rocky Mountains. It is one of the more easily identified species due to its consistently glabrous and glaucous aspect. Although the distributions and elevational ranges of the two subspecies appear to overlap extensively, they are largely allopatric with subsp. glaberrimum occurring in lower to mid montane zones and subsp. fastigiatum in upper montane to subalpine zones in the southern part of its range, and in lower zones farther north. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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| Key |
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| Synonyms | E. obcordatum subsp. siskiyouense, E. obcordatum var. laxum | E. fastigiatum var. glaberrimum | ||||
| Name authority | (Munz) Hoch & P. H. Raven: Madroño 27: 146. (1980) | Barbey in W. H. Brewer et al.: Bot. California 1: 220. (1876) | ||||
| Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
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