Epilobium saximontanum |
Epilobium mirabile |
|
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glandular willowherb, Rocky Mountain willowherb, Rocky Mountain willowweed, épilobe des rocheuses |
hairy-stem willowherb, Olympic Mountain willowherb |
|
Habit | Herbs usually with sessile, fleshy, underground turions, or sometimes thick, elongated shoots with dark, decussate scales. | Herbs with sessile, compact, fleshy turions that leave dark basal scales. |
Stems | erect, strict, terete, 4–55 cm, simple or well branched in age, subglabrous proximally to mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles. |
erect, loosely or not clumped, terete, 7–30 cm, usually simple, rarely branched, subglabrous with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, or densely strigillose and without raised lines. |
Leaves | opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate and reduced distally, often ± appressed, usually subsessile, rarely petiole 1–3 mm, often clasping; blade obovate proximally to ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic distally, 1–5.5(–6.5) × 0.4–2(–2.4) cm, base rounded or obtuse, margins low denticulate, 9–30 teeth per side, veins ± conspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex subacute, surfaces subglabrous with strigillose margins; bracts much reduced. |
opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petioles 1–3 mm proximally, subsessile distally; blade ovate to narrowly ovate, coriaceous, 1.5–3 × 0.7–1.2 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins denticulate, 8–12 teeth per side, veins indistinct, 4–9 per side, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, surfaces sparsely strigillose, mainly on margins and midrib; bracts not much reduced. |
Inflorescences | erect, sometimes nodding in bud, racemes, sometimes sparsely branched. |
erect racemes, rarely branched, densely strigillose. |
Flowers | erect; buds 2–3.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm; pedicel 0–1 mm; floral tube 0.8–1.4 × 0.8–1.9 mm, ring of sparse spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals sometimes flushed red, 1.2–3.5 × 0.6–1.4 mm, abaxial surface strigillose and sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; petals usually white, infrequently pink, 2.2–5(–7) × 1.7–3.2 mm, apical notch 0.4–1.5 mm; filaments usually cream, rarely light pink, those of longer stamens 2–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 1–2 mm; anthers cream to light yellow, 0.3–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm; ovary 9–30 mm, densely strigillose and glandular puberulent; style cream or yellow, 1.6–2.8 mm, stigma usually narrowly to broadly clavate, rarely subcapitate, 1–3 × 0.8–2 mm, surrounded by at least longer anthers. |
erect; buds 3–4 × 1.5–2.2 mm; pedicel 4–5 mm; floral tube 1.5–2 × 1.6–2.2 mm, sparsely glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose; sepals often purplish red, 2–3.2 ×1.5–2.4 mm; petals white, often red-tinged at apex, 3.8–5 × 2–3 mm, apical notch 0.4–0.8 mm; filaments cream, those of longer stamens 1.4–2.3 mm, those of shorter ones 0.8–1.4 mm; anthers 0.4–0.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm; ovary 10–18 mm, densely strigillose and glandular puberulent; style yellow or light pink, 2–2.3 mm, stigma broadly clavate, 0.8–1 × 0.6–0.7 mm, surrounded by longer anthers. |
Capsules | 30–55(–70) mm, surfaces mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; usually subsessile, rarely pedicel 1–5 mm, often appressed to stem. |
30–45 mm, relatively thick (2–3 mm), surfaces ± sparsely glandular puberulent and mixed strigillose; pedicel 5–16 mm. |
Seeds | very narrowly obovoid, 1–1.6(–1.8) × 0.4–0.6 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, light brown or gray, surface rugose to papillose; coma usually readily detached, white, 3–9 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, 1.7–2.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, gray to light brown, surface low papillose or reticulate; coma readily detached, white, very full, 10–15 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Epilobium saximontanum |
Epilobium mirabile |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Montane semi-shaded stream banks, damp meadows, mossy seeps, wet slatey cliffs, disturbed or seasonally damp areas. | Subalpine scree slopes, gravelly tussock meadows. |
Elevation | 0–3700 m. (0–12100 ft.) | 1500–2600 m. (4900–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; ON; QC
|
MT; WA; AB; BC |
Discussion | Epilobium saximontanum is morphologically similar to E. ciliatum (especially subsp. glandulosum) with which it also shares the AA chromosome arrangement. However, in addition to its fleshy compact turions, it very characteristically has notably appressed capsules, unlike most other species in the genus, and a notably strict habit. The distribution of Epilobium saximontanum is unusual; it includes the Rocky Mountain region, only barely reaching the high southern Sierra Nevada, disjunct to the Black Hills of South Dakota, and more widely in eastern Canada, from the shores of Hudson Bay to Newfoundland. Specimens are fairly uniform across this wide and rather discontinuous range, although locally they show some variability, possibly due to hybridization with any of several species that may be sympatric with it. H. Lewis and D. M. Moore (1962) reported hybrids between E. saximontanum (cited as E. brevistylum) and E. ciliatum subsp. ciliatum (cited as E. adenocaulon) from Colorado, and herbarium specimens with E. saximontanum and apparent hybrids are not uncommon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium mirabile also has the CC chromosomal arrangement and is one of the least common species of Epilobium in North America; fewer than 20 collections are known, even though its range is quite large. Most collections are from the Olympic Peninsula in Washington or Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park in Alberta and adjacent Montana. However, one collection is known from Powell County in central Montana, and one from Manning Provincial Park in British Columbia. The species may be more widespread but under-collected due to its restricted habitat, mainly on subalpine south-facing scree slopes. Specimens of Epilobium mirabile from the northern Rocky Mountains (Alberta and Montana) have subglabrous stems with strong, raised, strigillose lines and seeds with low papillose surfaces, whereas specimens from the northern Cascades (British Columbia) and Olympic Mountains (Washington) have densely strigillose stems with no raised lines and seeds with reticulate surfaces. The plants otherwise have very similar and distinctive morphology and ecology. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. adenocaulon subsp. rubescens, E. drummondii, E. drummondii var. latiusculum, E. latiusculum, E. ovatifolium, E. rubescens, E. scalare, E. stramineum | |
Name authority | Haussknecht: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29: 119. (1879) | Trelease: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 404. (1906) |
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