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glandular willowherb, Rocky Mountain willowherb, Rocky Mountain willowweed, épilobe des rocheuses

low willowherb, slender-fruit willowherb, small-fruit willowherb

Habit Herbs usually with sessile, fleshy, underground turions, or sometimes thick, elongated shoots with dark, decussate scales. Herbs with numerous small, (3–5 × 2–3 mm), fleshy, sessile turions at or just below ground level, often also with bulblets in proximal to mid cauline leaf axils.
Stems

erect, strict, terete, 4–55 cm, simple or well branched in age, subglabrous proximally to mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles.

erect or ascending, often clumped, often flushed red, terete, 8–30 cm, simple or branched, glabrous proximal to inflorescence except for elevated strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petiole, strigillose throughout distally.

Leaves

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate and reduced distally, often ± appressed, usually subsessile, rarely petiole 1–3 mm, often clasping;

blade obovate proximally to ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic distally, 1–5.5(–6.5) × 0.4–2(–2.4) cm, base rounded or obtuse, margins low denticulate, 9–30 teeth per side, veins ± conspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex subacute, surfaces subglabrous with strigillose margins;

bracts much reduced.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole broad, 3–5 mm proximally to subsessile distally;

blade lanceolate or elliptic to narrowly lanceolate distally, 0.8–4 × 0.4–1.3 cm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins subentire to denticulate distally, 5–9 teeth per side, veins 3 or 4 per side, apex obtuse to distally acute, surfaces glabrous with sparsely strigillose margins and abaxial midrib;

bracts reduced and narrower.

Inflorescences

erect, sometimes nodding in bud, racemes, sometimes sparsely branched.

nodding to suberect, racemes, strigillose.

Flowers

erect;

buds 2–3.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm;

pedicel 0–1 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.4 × 0.8–1.9 mm, ring of sparse spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals sometimes flushed red, 1.2–3.5 × 0.6–1.4 mm, abaxial surface strigillose and sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

petals usually white, infrequently pink, 2.2–5(–7) × 1.7–3.2 mm, apical notch 0.4–1.5 mm;

filaments usually cream, rarely light pink, those of longer stamens 2–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 1–2 mm;

anthers cream to light yellow, 0.3–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm;

ovary 9–30 mm, densely strigillose and glandular puberulent;

style cream or yellow, 1.6–2.8 mm, stigma usually narrowly to broadly clavate, rarely subcapitate, 1–3 × 0.8–2 mm, surrounded by at least longer anthers.

erect;

buds 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

pedicel 7–12 mm;

floral tube 1–2 × 1–2 mm, with ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals green, narrowly lanceolate, 3–4 × 0.8–1.2 mm;

petals white fading to pink, 4–6.5 × 2.3–4 mm, apical notch 0.8–1.6 mm;

filaments white, those of longer stamens 2.2–3 mm, those of shorter ones 1.2–1.6 mm;

anthers 0.4–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose;

style white, 3.2–4 mm, stigma cream, broadly clavate, 0.6–1.5 × 0.6–1.2 mm, surrounded by at least longer anthers.

Capsules

30–55(–70) mm, surfaces mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; usually subsessile, rarely pedicel 1–5 mm, often appressed to stem.

often reddish green, 25–55 mm, thin, surfaces sparsely strigillose;

pedicel 15–38 mm.

Seeds

very narrowly obovoid, 1–1.6(–1.8) × 0.4–0.6 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, light brown or gray, surface rugose to papillose;

coma usually readily detached, white, 3–9 mm.

subfusiform, 0.8–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, 0.02–0.06 mm, light brown, surface papillose;

coma persistent, tawny, 3–6 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Epilobium saximontanum

Epilobium leptocarpum

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Montane semi-shaded stream banks, damp meadows, mossy seeps, wet slatey cliffs, disturbed or seasonally damp areas. Boreal/montane moist meadows, stream banks, moist bluffs, sun to part shade, gravelly or sandy soils, mossy ground.
Elevation 0–3700 m. (0–12100 ft.) 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Epilobium saximontanum is morphologically similar to E. ciliatum (especially subsp. glandulosum) with which it also shares the AA chromosome arrangement. However, in addition to its fleshy compact turions, it very characteristically has notably appressed capsules, unlike most other species in the genus, and a notably strict habit.

The distribution of Epilobium saximontanum is unusual; it includes the Rocky Mountain region, only barely reaching the high southern Sierra Nevada, disjunct to the Black Hills of South Dakota, and more widely in eastern Canada, from the shores of Hudson Bay to Newfoundland. Specimens are fairly uniform across this wide and rather discontinuous range, although locally they show some variability, possibly due to hybridization with any of several species that may be sympatric with it. H. Lewis and D. M. Moore (1962) reported hybrids between E. saximontanum (cited as E. brevistylum) and E. ciliatum subsp. ciliatum (cited as E. adenocaulon) from Colorado, and herbarium specimens with E. saximontanum and apparent hybrids are not uncommon.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium leptocarpum often occurs sympatrically with other species of the Alpinae alliance within its Pacific Northwest range, and shares with them the CC chromosomal arrangement. However, it has small compact basal turions and, almost uniquely in Epilobium, bulblets in the leaf axils. The only other species with bulblets is E. fauriei H. Léveillé, an endemic in Japan that has strikingly similar overall morphology to that E. leptocarpum, and shares with it the CC chromosome arrangement.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. adenocaulon subsp. rubescens, E. drummondii, E. drummondii var. latiusculum, E. latiusculum, E. ovatifolium, E. rubescens, E. scalare, E. stramineum E. paddoense
Name authority Haussknecht: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29: 119. (1879) Haussknecht: Monogr. Epilobium, 258, plate 14, fig. 67. (1884)
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