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glandular willowherb, Rocky Mountain willowherb, Rocky Mountain willowweed, épilobe des rocheuses

subalpine fireweed, yuba pass willowherb

Habit Herbs usually with sessile, fleshy, underground turions, or sometimes thick, elongated shoots with dark, decussate scales. Herbs with short, threadlike stolons with scattered, minute leaves.
Stems

erect, strict, terete, 4–55 cm, simple or well branched in age, subglabrous proximally to mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles.

delicate, erect, loosely clumped, terete, 5–20 cm, simple or branched from base, densely glandular puberulent, without decurrent lines.

Leaves

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate and reduced distally, often ± appressed, usually subsessile, rarely petiole 1–3 mm, often clasping;

blade obovate proximally to ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic distally, 1–5.5(–6.5) × 0.4–2(–2.4) cm, base rounded or obtuse, margins low denticulate, 9–30 teeth per side, veins ± conspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex subacute, surfaces subglabrous with strigillose margins;

bracts much reduced.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, subsessile;

blade broadly obovate to orbiculate proximally to ovate or lanceolate distally, 0.4–2 × 0.3–1.2 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins finely denticulate, 4–6 low teeth per side, veins indistinct, 2–6 per side, apex obtuse to subacute distally, surfaces subglabrous with strigillose margins and veins or both surfaces sparsely strigillose distally;

bracts much reduced and narrower.

Inflorescences

erect, sometimes nodding in bud, racemes, sometimes sparsely branched.

erect, open racemes, glandular puberulent.

Flowers

erect;

buds 2–3.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm;

pedicel 0–1 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.4 × 0.8–1.9 mm, ring of sparse spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals sometimes flushed red, 1.2–3.5 × 0.6–1.4 mm, abaxial surface strigillose and sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

petals usually white, infrequently pink, 2.2–5(–7) × 1.7–3.2 mm, apical notch 0.4–1.5 mm;

filaments usually cream, rarely light pink, those of longer stamens 2–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 1–2 mm;

anthers cream to light yellow, 0.3–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm;

ovary 9–30 mm, densely strigillose and glandular puberulent;

style cream or yellow, 1.6–2.8 mm, stigma usually narrowly to broadly clavate, rarely subcapitate, 1–3 × 0.8–2 mm, surrounded by at least longer anthers.

sometimes cleistogamous;

buds 2–3.5x 1–1.5 mm, often nodding;

pedicel 8–16 mm;

floral tube 0.4–0.8 × 0.5–1 mm, ring of sparse hairs at mouth inside, or absent;

sepals 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm;

petals white, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, apical notch 0.4–0.5 mm;

filaments white, those of longer stamens 1.8–3 mm, those of shorter ones 1–1.5 mm;

anthers 0.3–0.4 ×0.3–0.4 mm;

ovary 9–12 mm, sparsely glandular puberulent;

style white, 2–3 mm, stigma white, narrowly clavate, entire, 0.5–0.6 × 0.4–0.5 mm, surrounded by anthers.

Capsules

30–55(–70) mm, surfaces mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; usually subsessile, rarely pedicel 1–5 mm, often appressed to stem.

35–45 mm, surfaces subglabrous to sparsely glandular puberulent;

pedicel 25–40 mm.

Seeds

very narrowly obovoid, 1–1.6(–1.8) × 0.4–0.6 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, light brown or gray, surface rugose to papillose;

coma usually readily detached, white, 3–9 mm.

narrowly oblanceoloid, 0.8–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, surface low papillose;

coma easily detached, dingy white, 3–6 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Epilobium saximontanum

Epilobium howellii

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Montane semi-shaded stream banks, damp meadows, mossy seeps, wet slatey cliffs, disturbed or seasonally damp areas. Mossy seeps, semi-shaded swales, grassy montane meadows.
Elevation 0–3700 m. (0–12100 ft.) 2000–2700 m. (6600–8900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Epilobium saximontanum is morphologically similar to E. ciliatum (especially subsp. glandulosum) with which it also shares the AA chromosome arrangement. However, in addition to its fleshy compact turions, it very characteristically has notably appressed capsules, unlike most other species in the genus, and a notably strict habit.

The distribution of Epilobium saximontanum is unusual; it includes the Rocky Mountain region, only barely reaching the high southern Sierra Nevada, disjunct to the Black Hills of South Dakota, and more widely in eastern Canada, from the shores of Hudson Bay to Newfoundland. Specimens are fairly uniform across this wide and rather discontinuous range, although locally they show some variability, possibly due to hybridization with any of several species that may be sympatric with it. H. Lewis and D. M. Moore (1962) reported hybrids between E. saximontanum (cited as E. brevistylum) and E. ciliatum subsp. ciliatum (cited as E. adenocaulon) from Colorado, and herbarium specimens with E. saximontanum and apparent hybrids are not uncommon.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium howellii is an enigmatic species in that it was apparently overlooked until relatively recently by numerous botanists in the Sierra Nevada in Fresno, Mono, and Sierra counties. Its similarity to many of the smaller species of Epilobium, especially in the Alpinae group, may have caused this oversight; it is very clearly distinguished from similar species by its exclusively glandular puberulent stems. Recent focused collecting efforts mainly by United States Forest Service personnel have shown that it is much more widespread than originally thought, although still uncommon, and its geographical and ecological range is still quite restricted compared to most other species of Epilobium.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. adenocaulon subsp. rubescens, E. drummondii, E. drummondii var. latiusculum, E. latiusculum, E. ovatifolium, E. rubescens, E. scalare, E. stramineum
Name authority Haussknecht: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29: 119. (1879) Hoch: Phytologia 73: 460. (1993)
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