Epilobium saximontanum |
Epilobium glaberrimum |
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glandular willowherb, Rocky Mountain willowherb, Rocky Mountain willowweed, épilobe des rocheuses |
glaucous willowherb, glaucus willowherb, smooth willowherb |
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Habit | Herbs usually with sessile, fleshy, underground turions, or sometimes thick, elongated shoots with dark, decussate scales. | Herbs with branching, wiry basal shoots with crowded, often dark, scales. | ||||
Stems | erect, strict, terete, 4–55 cm, simple or well branched in age, subglabrous proximally to mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles. |
many, erect or ascending, often densely clumped, slender, terete, 5–75(–85) cm, simple or distally branched, glabrous and glaucous, sometimes strigillose and/or mixed glandular puberulent distally, rarely with faint raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of distal petioles. |
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Leaves | opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate and reduced distally, often ± appressed, usually subsessile, rarely petiole 1–3 mm, often clasping; blade obovate proximally to ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic distally, 1–5.5(–6.5) × 0.4–2(–2.4) cm, base rounded or obtuse, margins low denticulate, 9–30 teeth per side, veins ± conspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex subacute, surfaces subglabrous with strigillose margins; bracts much reduced. |
opposite and crowded proximal to inflorescence, alternate and widely spaced distally, subsessile and ± clasping; blade light green or blue-green, very narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate or elliptic, (0.5–)1–7.2 × (0.3–)0.5–1.8 cm, base cuneate, margins subentire or faintly denticulate, 8–15 teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, glabrous and glaucous; bracts much reduced and narrower. |
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Inflorescences | erect, sometimes nodding in bud, racemes, sometimes sparsely branched. |
erect racemes, glabrous or ± sparsely glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose. |
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Flowers | erect; buds 2–3.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm; pedicel 0–1 mm; floral tube 0.8–1.4 × 0.8–1.9 mm, ring of sparse spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals sometimes flushed red, 1.2–3.5 × 0.6–1.4 mm, abaxial surface strigillose and sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; petals usually white, infrequently pink, 2.2–5(–7) × 1.7–3.2 mm, apical notch 0.4–1.5 mm; filaments usually cream, rarely light pink, those of longer stamens 2–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 1–2 mm; anthers cream to light yellow, 0.3–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm; ovary 9–30 mm, densely strigillose and glandular puberulent; style cream or yellow, 1.6–2.8 mm, stigma usually narrowly to broadly clavate, rarely subcapitate, 1–3 × 0.8–2 mm, surrounded by at least longer anthers. |
erect; buds 2.5–5 × 2–3.5 mm; pedicel 2–11(–20) mm; floral tube 0.7–2.3 × 1–2.5 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside or without a ring; sepals often red-tipped, sometimes keeled, 2.5–7.5 × 0.8–2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous or strigillose and/or glandular puberulent; petals usually light pink to rose-purple, rarely white, 3.4–10(–12) × 1.8–5 mm, apical notch 0.5–3 mm; filaments purple to white or cream, those of longer stamens 2.4–5(–6) mm, those of shorter ones 1.4–4 mm; anthers light yellow, 0.5–1.2(–1.5) × 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary 10–42 mm, subglabrous to sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; style light yellow or cream, 1.7–5(–7) mm, stigma clavate to subcapitate, 0.8–3 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, longer anthers. |
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Capsules | 30–55(–70) mm, surfaces mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; usually subsessile, rarely pedicel 1–5 mm, often appressed to stem. |
15–75 mm, with small protuberance at base, surfaces subglabrous to sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; pedicel 5–18(–25) mm. |
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Seeds | very narrowly obovoid, 1–1.6(–1.8) × 0.4–0.6 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, light brown or gray, surface rugose to papillose; coma usually readily detached, white, 3–9 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, 0.7–1(–1.3) × 0.3–0.5 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, light brown or gray, surface coarsely papillose in longitudinal rows; coma readily detached, white, 4–9 mm. |
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2n | = 36. |
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Epilobium saximontanum |
Epilobium glaberrimum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Montane semi-shaded stream banks, damp meadows, mossy seeps, wet slatey cliffs, disturbed or seasonally damp areas. | |||||
Elevation | 0–3700 m. (0–12100 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; ON; QC
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w North America; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Epilobium saximontanum is morphologically similar to E. ciliatum (especially subsp. glandulosum) with which it also shares the AA chromosome arrangement. However, in addition to its fleshy compact turions, it very characteristically has notably appressed capsules, unlike most other species in the genus, and a notably strict habit. The distribution of Epilobium saximontanum is unusual; it includes the Rocky Mountain region, only barely reaching the high southern Sierra Nevada, disjunct to the Black Hills of South Dakota, and more widely in eastern Canada, from the shores of Hudson Bay to Newfoundland. Specimens are fairly uniform across this wide and rather discontinuous range, although locally they show some variability, possibly due to hybridization with any of several species that may be sympatric with it. H. Lewis and D. M. Moore (1962) reported hybrids between E. saximontanum (cited as E. brevistylum) and E. ciliatum subsp. ciliatum (cited as E. adenocaulon) from Colorado, and herbarium specimens with E. saximontanum and apparent hybrids are not uncommon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Epilobium glaberrimum is restricted mainly to the Sierra Nevada-Cascade region, but also (subsp. fastigiatum) in the northern Rocky Mountains. It is one of the more easily identified species due to its consistently glabrous and glaucous aspect. Although the distributions and elevational ranges of the two subspecies appear to overlap extensively, they are largely allopatric with subsp. glaberrimum occurring in lower to mid montane zones and subsp. fastigiatum in upper montane to subalpine zones in the southern part of its range, and in lower zones farther north. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | E. adenocaulon subsp. rubescens, E. drummondii, E. drummondii var. latiusculum, E. latiusculum, E. ovatifolium, E. rubescens, E. scalare, E. stramineum | E. fastigiatum var. glaberrimum | ||||
Name authority | Haussknecht: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29: 119. (1879) | Barbey in W. H. Brewer et al.: Bot. California 1: 220. (1876) | ||||
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