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Oregon willowherb, slim-stem willowweed

Dahurian willowherb, northern swamp willowherb, épilobe de daourie

Habit Herbs with slender stolons to 18 cm with minute, rounded leaves. Herbs with basal rosettes of linear leaves 12–40 × 2–5 mm.
Stems

erect or ascending, often loosely matted, often flushed purple distally, terete, 8–30(–40) cm, simple or sparsely branched from base, subglabrous.

erect, rarely clumped, terete, 10–40(–45) cm, usually simple, rarely branched, glabrous proximal to inflorescence with sparsely strigillose raised lines decurrent from margins of petioles, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally.

Leaves

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, subsessile;

blade broadly elliptic proximally, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate to sublinear distally, 5–25 × 1–7 mm, longer than internodes proximally to much shorter distally, base cuneate to rounded, margins subentire, veins extremely faint, 3–5 per side, apex obtuse, surfaces subglabrous;

bracts extremely reduced and linear.

opposite and crowded proximal to inflorescence, alternate and scattered distally, subsessile;

blade narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate to linear, (1.2–)2–4.5 × 0.1–0.5 cm, base attenuate, margins irregularly denticulate, 2–4 teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, 3 or 4 per side, apex subacute to obtuse or ± truncate, surfaces glabrous with sparsely strigillose margins and adaxial midrib;

bracts much reduced and narrower.

Inflorescences

usually erect, sometimes nodding in bud, racemes, open, unbranched, sparsely strigillose and glandular puberulent.

nodding in bud, suberect later, racemes, simple, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent, sometimes subglabrous.

Flowers

suberect or nodding;

buds 2–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, apex blunt;

pedicel 2–7 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.8 × 1–2.1 mm, with faint ring of hairs at mouth inside;

sepals often flushed purple, 2.5–4.5 × 1–1.6 mm;

petals white to pink, 5–8 × 2.8–4 mm, apical notch 0.8–1.5 mm;

filaments white, those of longer stamens 2.8–4.5 mm, those of shorter ones 2–3.8 mm;

anthers yellow-cream, 0.8–1.2 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

ovary green to purple, 8–14 mm, sparsely strigillose and glandular puberulent;

style white, 3.8–4.8 mm, glabrous, stigma subcapitate, 1–1.4 × 1–1.2 mm, surrounded by longer anthers.

erect, sometimes starting in third most-proximal node;

buds 3–6.5 × 1–2 mm;

pedicel 4–15 mm;

floral tube 0.7–1.6 × 1–2.2 mm, with or often without ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals 1.2–3.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm, apex subacute;

petals white, 2–5.5 × 1.2–3.1 mm, apical notch 0.3–1 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 1–2.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.5–1.4 mm;

anthers cream, 0.4–0.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm;

ovary usually purplish red, 10–20 mm, sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent or subglabrous;

style cream or white, 0.7–2.5 mm, stigma cylindrical to clavate, entire, 0.8–2 × 0.2–1.2 mm, surrounded by anthers.

Capsules

slender, often purplish green, 21–40(–52) mm, surfaces subglabrous;

pedicel 20–65 mm.

slender, 30–55 mm, surfaces sparsely strigillose and glandular puberulent;

pedicel 8–38 mm.

Seeds

narrowlyoblanceoloid or subfusiform, 1–1.4 × 0.4–0.6 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, light brown, surface low papillose;

coma persistent, whitish, 3–4 mm.

narrowly attenuate, 1.4–2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, chalazal collar conspicuous, 0.1–0.3 mm, light brown or blond, surface papillose;

coma persistent, white, 3–5 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Epilobium oregonense

Epilobium davuricum

Phenology Flowering Jul–Aug. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Montane to subalpine boggy or mossy areas, wet meadows, protected, semi-shaded stream banks. Subarctic open balsam poplar and spruce forests, taiga, wet meadows, boggy coastal areas, limestone barrens, wet marly soils.
Elevation 1200–3000(–3500) m. (3900–9800(–11500) ft.) 0–1500(–2000) m. (0–4900(–6600) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AB; BC; MB; NF; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Europe (Russia)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Epilobium oregonense is a distinctive western North American endemic, found primarily throughout the Cascade–Sierra mountain complex barely into the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and very scattered through the Rocky Mountains. It is exceedingly rare in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico.

Even though Epilobium oregonense bears some similarity to E. anagallidifolium and other members of the Alpinae group, and often grows in close proximity to them, this species does not share the derived CC chromosomal arrangement with that group, instead having the more globally widespread BB arrangement. The similarities with E. anagallidifolium include the small stature, small, obtuse, and subentire leaves, and long pedicels in fruit; however, E. oregonense differs by its long, threadlike stolons, distal leaves extremely narrow and reduced in size relative to the internodes, and near complete absence of pubescence on the plant, including a lack of raised lines of hairs on the stems.

Another species with which Epilobium oregonense has been confused is E. hallianum, but that species always forms condensed basal turions, is more strictly erect, and generally has larger and more denticulate leaves. The distinctive and diagnostic stolons of E. oregonense are similar to those found in E. palustre and related species (all of which also have the BB chromosome arrangement), except that those of E. oregonense never terminate in a condensed turion, as found in those other species. The exact affinities of E. oregonense remain uncertain, but it appears to be most closely related to the E. palustre complex.

Some specimens of Epilobium oregonense grow as floating mats in cold streams; these specimens are notably large, with particularly strong development of basal stolons and larger, more lanceolate leaves. As evidenced by mixed herbarium collections, E. oregonense grows sympatrically with several congeners, including E. anagallidifolium, E. ciliatum subspp. ciliatum and glandulosum, E. hallianum, and E. hornemannii, and hybridizes occasionally, at least with E. ciliatum subsp. ciliatum and E. hornemannii.

Epilobium oregonense var. gracillimum Trelease, which pertains here, was not validly published, and other names based on it are also invalid.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Even though Epilobium davuricum has not yet been characterized by chromosome group, its morphology and general distribution suggest that it (plus E. arcticum) is related to E. palustre as a member of the Palustriformes group. It does not have the turion-tipped stolons that characterize E. palustre and relatives but has similarly large seeds with a distinct chalazal collar. Some specimens with aberrant combinations of characters suggest that E. davuricum may hybridize with E. palustre and possibly E. arcticum in areas where their distributions overlap.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. palustre var. davuricum
Name authority Haussknecht: Monogr. Epilobium, 276, plate 14, fig. 66. (1884) Fischer ex Sprengel: Novi Provent., 44. (1818)
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