Epilobium minutum |
Epilobium obscurum |
|
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California willowherb, chaparral willowherb, desert willowherb, little willowherb, minute willowherb, small-flower willowherb |
dwarf willowherb, obscure willow-herb |
|
Habit | Herbs slender. | Herbs with elongated, leafy epigeal stolons. |
Stems | strict, erect, sometimes reddish green, terete, 3.5–40 cm, simple or freely branched, subglabrous proximally to strigillose and glandular puberulent distally. |
erect or ascending, subterete, 20–80 cm, often well branched from base, sometimes also distally, subglabrous proximal to inflorescence with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, strigillose distally. |
Leaves | alternate distally, not fasciculate, petiole 0–2 mm, blade subspatulate proximally to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptical distally, not folded along midrib, 0.9–2.5 × 0.2–0.6 cm, shorter than internodes, base tapered, margins entire or scarcely denticulate, 1–4 teeth per side, lateral veins obscure, apex subacute or often blunt proximally, surfaces subglabrous or with scattered hairs along margins; bracts much reduced, sometimes attached to pedicel. |
opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole 0–2 mm; blade green or slightly bluish green, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1.5–10 × 0.4–1.8 cm, ± shorter than internodes, base rounded to attenuate, margins denticulate with 15–40 evenly spaced teeth per side, veins prominent, 3–7 per side, apex subacute, surfaces sparsely strigillose, mainly on margins and veins; bracts gradually reduced. |
Inflorescences | erect racemes or open panicles, relatively loose and uncrowded, branches thin, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent. |
erect racemes or sparse panicles, strigillose. |
Flowers | erect or, sometimes, nodding in bud; buds broadly ovoid, 1.2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm; floral tube 1.1–1.5 × 1–1.4 mm, usually with ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 0.5–2.5 × 0.4–1.3 mm, apex acute, abaxial surface strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; petals white to pink, 2–5 × 1.5–3 mm, apical notch 0.2–1.9 mm; filaments white, those of longer stamens 0.5–3 mm, those of shorter ones 0.3–2 mm; anthers 0.6–1 × 0.5–0.8 mm; ovary 4–9 mm, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; style light pink, 1–3.5 mm, stigma subclavate to obscurely 4-lobed, 0.4–0.6 × 0.4–0.5 mm, surrounded by longer anthers. |
erect; buds 2–5 × 1–2.5 mm; pedicel 2–14 mm; floral tube 0.8–1 × 1.1–1.5 mm, conspicuous ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside, mixed strigillose and sparse glandular puberulent externally; sepals lanceolate, somewhat keeled, 2.5–4 × 1–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose; petals rose-purple, 3.5–6 × 1.8–3 mm, apical notch 0.8–1.4 mm; filaments pale pink, those of longer stamens 2–2.2 mm, those of shorter ones 0.8–1.3 mm; anthers yellow, 0.7–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 mm; ovary 12–38 mm, strigillose; style white, 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous, stigma clavate, 1.5–2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, surrounded by longer anthers. |
Capsules | 9–28 mm, surfaces strigillose and glandular puberulent; pedicel 3–10 mm. |
40–70 mm, surfaces strigillose; pedicel 4–16 mm. |
Seeds | obovoid, without constriction, 0.9–1.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, low chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm wide, brown, surface reticulate; coma easily detached, white, 2.5–3 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, 0.9–1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, brown, surface coarsely papillose; coma readily detached, dull white, 4–5 mm. |
2n | = 26. |
= 36. |
Epilobium minutum |
Epilobium obscurum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Open, dry places, along roads, disturbed areas. | Ruderal areas, banks of ditches, streams, edges of swampy areas. |
Elevation | 90–1900 m. (300–6200 ft.) | 0–200[–500] m. (0–700[–1600] ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; BC
|
MI; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Chile), Africa (Morocco), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (Tasmania)] |
Discussion | Epilobium minutum, like the similar E. foliosum, also occasionally produces cleistogamous flowers, and is modally autogamous in any event. S. R. Seavey et al. (1977b) observed that E. minutum is less common than E. foliosum in the southern part of their overlapping ranges and more common in the north. Several sheets (for example, Lawler 3276, California, Butte Co. [MO]; Nelson & Gordon 5573, California, Trinity Co. [MO]) mention that the plants were growing on serpentine soil. The earliest collection of this species appears to be one made by Archibald Menzies in 1792–1794 under the name E. palustre (BM). Crossostigma lindleyi Spach (a substitute name for Epilobium minutum) and E. lindleyi (Spach) Rydberg are illegitimate names that pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium obscurum, native throughout Europe and the European part of Russia except the far north, to Turkey and the Azores, is one of several Eurasian species that has naturalized in North America, following multiple early introductions around east coast port cities, and later around the Great Lakes. E. G. Voss(1972–1996, vol. 2) reported a collection of E. obscurum made in 1927 in Michigan near Detroit, but despite efforts by Voss and others, no additional collections of this species have been detected in that area, suggesting that it failed to become naturalized there. In the Pacific Northwest, W. Suksdorf grew and collected at least six European taxa in his garden in Bingen (Klickitat County, Washington); this included E. obscurum (as early as 1922) but none of those taxa became naturalized. However, one or more independent new introductions in the Seattle (P. Zika, pers. comm.) and Vancouver (F. Lomer, pers. comm.) regions appear to be more persistent and the species should be considered naturalized there. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Crossostigma | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. minutum var. canescens | |
Name authority | Lindley in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 207. (1832) | Schreber: Spic. Fl. Lips., 147, [155]. (1771) |
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