Epilobium minutum |
Epilobium leptocarpum |
|
---|---|---|
California willowherb, chaparral willowherb, desert willowherb, little willowherb, minute willowherb, small-flower willowherb |
low willowherb, slender-fruit willowherb, small-fruit willowherb |
|
Habit | Herbs slender. | Herbs with numerous small, (3–5 × 2–3 mm), fleshy, sessile turions at or just below ground level, often also with bulblets in proximal to mid cauline leaf axils. |
Stems | strict, erect, sometimes reddish green, terete, 3.5–40 cm, simple or freely branched, subglabrous proximally to strigillose and glandular puberulent distally. |
erect or ascending, often clumped, often flushed red, terete, 8–30 cm, simple or branched, glabrous proximal to inflorescence except for elevated strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petiole, strigillose throughout distally. |
Leaves | alternate distally, not fasciculate, petiole 0–2 mm, blade subspatulate proximally to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptical distally, not folded along midrib, 0.9–2.5 × 0.2–0.6 cm, shorter than internodes, base tapered, margins entire or scarcely denticulate, 1–4 teeth per side, lateral veins obscure, apex subacute or often blunt proximally, surfaces subglabrous or with scattered hairs along margins; bracts much reduced, sometimes attached to pedicel. |
opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole broad, 3–5 mm proximally to subsessile distally; blade lanceolate or elliptic to narrowly lanceolate distally, 0.8–4 × 0.4–1.3 cm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins subentire to denticulate distally, 5–9 teeth per side, veins 3 or 4 per side, apex obtuse to distally acute, surfaces glabrous with sparsely strigillose margins and abaxial midrib; bracts reduced and narrower. |
Inflorescences | erect racemes or open panicles, relatively loose and uncrowded, branches thin, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent. |
nodding to suberect, racemes, strigillose. |
Flowers | erect or, sometimes, nodding in bud; buds broadly ovoid, 1.2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm; floral tube 1.1–1.5 × 1–1.4 mm, usually with ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 0.5–2.5 × 0.4–1.3 mm, apex acute, abaxial surface strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; petals white to pink, 2–5 × 1.5–3 mm, apical notch 0.2–1.9 mm; filaments white, those of longer stamens 0.5–3 mm, those of shorter ones 0.3–2 mm; anthers 0.6–1 × 0.5–0.8 mm; ovary 4–9 mm, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; style light pink, 1–3.5 mm, stigma subclavate to obscurely 4-lobed, 0.4–0.6 × 0.4–0.5 mm, surrounded by longer anthers. |
erect; buds 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm; pedicel 7–12 mm; floral tube 1–2 × 1–2 mm, with ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals green, narrowly lanceolate, 3–4 × 0.8–1.2 mm; petals white fading to pink, 4–6.5 × 2.3–4 mm, apical notch 0.8–1.6 mm; filaments white, those of longer stamens 2.2–3 mm, those of shorter ones 1.2–1.6 mm; anthers 0.4–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm; ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose; style white, 3.2–4 mm, stigma cream, broadly clavate, 0.6–1.5 × 0.6–1.2 mm, surrounded by at least longer anthers. |
Capsules | 9–28 mm, surfaces strigillose and glandular puberulent; pedicel 3–10 mm. |
often reddish green, 25–55 mm, thin, surfaces sparsely strigillose; pedicel 15–38 mm. |
Seeds | obovoid, without constriction, 0.9–1.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, low chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm wide, brown, surface reticulate; coma easily detached, white, 2.5–3 mm. |
subfusiform, 0.8–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, 0.02–0.06 mm, light brown, surface papillose; coma persistent, tawny, 3–6 mm. |
2n | = 26. |
= 36. |
Epilobium minutum |
Epilobium leptocarpum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Open, dry places, along roads, disturbed areas. | Boreal/montane moist meadows, stream banks, moist bluffs, sun to part shade, gravelly or sandy soils, mossy ground. |
Elevation | 90–1900 m. (300–6200 ft.) | 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; BC
|
AK; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC |
Discussion | Epilobium minutum, like the similar E. foliosum, also occasionally produces cleistogamous flowers, and is modally autogamous in any event. S. R. Seavey et al. (1977b) observed that E. minutum is less common than E. foliosum in the southern part of their overlapping ranges and more common in the north. Several sheets (for example, Lawler 3276, California, Butte Co. [MO]; Nelson & Gordon 5573, California, Trinity Co. [MO]) mention that the plants were growing on serpentine soil. The earliest collection of this species appears to be one made by Archibald Menzies in 1792–1794 under the name E. palustre (BM). Crossostigma lindleyi Spach (a substitute name for Epilobium minutum) and E. lindleyi (Spach) Rydberg are illegitimate names that pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium leptocarpum often occurs sympatrically with other species of the Alpinae alliance within its Pacific Northwest range, and shares with them the CC chromosomal arrangement. However, it has small compact basal turions and, almost uniquely in Epilobium, bulblets in the leaf axils. The only other species with bulblets is E. fauriei H. Léveillé, an endemic in Japan that has strikingly similar overall morphology to that E. leptocarpum, and shares with it the CC chromosome arrangement. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Crossostigma | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. minutum var. canescens | E. paddoense |
Name authority | Lindley in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 207. (1832) | Haussknecht: Monogr. Epilobium, 258, plate 14, fig. 67. (1884) |
Web links |
|
|