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California willowherb, chaparral willowherb, desert willowherb, little willowherb, minute willowherb, small-flower willowherb

subalpine fireweed, yuba pass willowherb

Habit Herbs slender. Herbs with short, threadlike stolons with scattered, minute leaves.
Stems

strict, erect, sometimes reddish green, terete, 3.5–40 cm, simple or freely branched, subglabrous proximally to strigillose and glandular puberulent distally.

delicate, erect, loosely clumped, terete, 5–20 cm, simple or branched from base, densely glandular puberulent, without decurrent lines.

Leaves

alternate distally, not fasciculate, petiole 0–2 mm, blade subspatulate proximally to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptical distally, not folded along midrib, 0.9–2.5 × 0.2–0.6 cm, shorter than internodes, base tapered, margins entire or scarcely denticulate, 1–4 teeth per side, lateral veins obscure, apex subacute or often blunt proximally, surfaces subglabrous or with scattered hairs along margins;

bracts much reduced, sometimes attached to pedicel.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, subsessile;

blade broadly obovate to orbiculate proximally to ovate or lanceolate distally, 0.4–2 × 0.3–1.2 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins finely denticulate, 4–6 low teeth per side, veins indistinct, 2–6 per side, apex obtuse to subacute distally, surfaces subglabrous with strigillose margins and veins or both surfaces sparsely strigillose distally;

bracts much reduced and narrower.

Inflorescences

erect racemes or open panicles, relatively loose and uncrowded, branches thin, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent.

erect, open racemes, glandular puberulent.

Flowers

erect or, sometimes, nodding in bud;

buds broadly ovoid, 1.2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm;

floral tube 1.1–1.5 × 1–1.4 mm, usually with ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals 0.5–2.5 × 0.4–1.3 mm, apex acute, abaxial surface strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

petals white to pink, 2–5 × 1.5–3 mm, apical notch 0.2–1.9 mm;

filaments white, those of longer stamens 0.5–3 mm, those of shorter ones 0.3–2 mm;

anthers 0.6–1 × 0.5–0.8 mm;

ovary 4–9 mm, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent;

style light pink, 1–3.5 mm, stigma subclavate to obscurely 4-lobed, 0.4–0.6 × 0.4–0.5 mm, surrounded by longer anthers.

sometimes cleistogamous;

buds 2–3.5x 1–1.5 mm, often nodding;

pedicel 8–16 mm;

floral tube 0.4–0.8 × 0.5–1 mm, ring of sparse hairs at mouth inside, or absent;

sepals 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm;

petals white, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, apical notch 0.4–0.5 mm;

filaments white, those of longer stamens 1.8–3 mm, those of shorter ones 1–1.5 mm;

anthers 0.3–0.4 ×0.3–0.4 mm;

ovary 9–12 mm, sparsely glandular puberulent;

style white, 2–3 mm, stigma white, narrowly clavate, entire, 0.5–0.6 × 0.4–0.5 mm, surrounded by anthers.

Capsules

9–28 mm, surfaces strigillose and glandular puberulent;

pedicel 3–10 mm.

35–45 mm, surfaces subglabrous to sparsely glandular puberulent;

pedicel 25–40 mm.

Seeds

obovoid, without constriction, 0.9–1.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, low chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm wide, brown, surface reticulate;

coma easily detached, white, 2.5–3 mm.

narrowly oblanceoloid, 0.8–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, surface low papillose;

coma easily detached, dingy white, 3–6 mm.

2n

= 26.

= 36.

Epilobium minutum

Epilobium howellii

Phenology Flowering Apr–Sep. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Open, dry places, along roads, disturbed areas. Mossy seeps, semi-shaded swales, grassy montane meadows.
Elevation 90–1900 m. (300–6200 ft.) 2000–2700 m. (6600–8900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Epilobium minutum, like the similar E. foliosum, also occasionally produces cleistogamous flowers, and is modally autogamous in any event. S. R. Seavey et al. (1977b) observed that E. minutum is less common than E. foliosum in the southern part of their overlapping ranges and more common in the north. Several sheets (for example, Lawler 3276, California, Butte Co. [MO]; Nelson & Gordon 5573, California, Trinity Co. [MO]) mention that the plants were growing on serpentine soil. The earliest collection of this species appears to be one made by Archibald Menzies in 1792–1794 under the name E. palustre (BM).

Crossostigma lindleyi Spach (a substitute name for Epilobium minutum) and E. lindleyi (Spach) Rydberg are illegitimate names that pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium howellii is an enigmatic species in that it was apparently overlooked until relatively recently by numerous botanists in the Sierra Nevada in Fresno, Mono, and Sierra counties. Its similarity to many of the smaller species of Epilobium, especially in the Alpinae group, may have caused this oversight; it is very clearly distinguished from similar species by its exclusively glandular puberulent stems. Recent focused collecting efforts mainly by United States Forest Service personnel have shown that it is much more widespread than originally thought, although still uncommon, and its geographical and ecological range is still quite restricted compared to most other species of Epilobium.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Crossostigma Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. minutum var. canescens
Name authority Lindley in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 207. (1832) Hoch: Phytologia 73: 460. (1993)
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