Epilobium minutum |
Epilobium arcticum |
|
---|---|---|
California willowherb, chaparral willowherb, desert willowherb, little willowherb, minute willowherb, small-flower willowherb |
arctic willowherb, épilobe arctique |
|
Habit | Herbs slender. | Herbs with sessile, basal rosettes of broadly ovate to spatulate leaves 0.5–1.8 × 0.3–0.9 cm. |
Stems | strict, erect, sometimes reddish green, terete, 3.5–40 cm, simple or freely branched, subglabrous proximally to strigillose and glandular puberulent distally. |
single or many, suberect or nodding in bud, often clumped, terete, (2–)5–18 cm, rarely branched, subglabrous proximal to inflorescence with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, strigillose distally. |
Leaves | alternate distally, not fasciculate, petiole 0–2 mm, blade subspatulate proximally to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptical distally, not folded along midrib, 0.9–2.5 × 0.2–0.6 cm, shorter than internodes, base tapered, margins entire or scarcely denticulate, 1–4 teeth per side, lateral veins obscure, apex subacute or often blunt proximally, surfaces subglabrous or with scattered hairs along margins; bracts much reduced, sometimes attached to pedicel. |
opposite proximally, alternate on inflorescence, subsessile; blade obovate to narrowly elliptic to distally sublinear, 0.8–2.1 × 0.2–0.5 cm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins subentire to minutely denticulate, 2–5 low teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse to truncate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely strigillose on abaxial midrib; bracts reduced and narrower. |
Inflorescences | erect racemes or open panicles, relatively loose and uncrowded, branches thin, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent. |
often nodding in bud, erect later, few-flowered racemes, subglabrous or sparsely strigillose. |
Flowers | erect or, sometimes, nodding in bud; buds broadly ovoid, 1.2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm; floral tube 1.1–1.5 × 1–1.4 mm, usually with ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 0.5–2.5 × 0.4–1.3 mm, apex acute, abaxial surface strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; petals white to pink, 2–5 × 1.5–3 mm, apical notch 0.2–1.9 mm; filaments white, those of longer stamens 0.5–3 mm, those of shorter ones 0.3–2 mm; anthers 0.6–1 × 0.5–0.8 mm; ovary 4–9 mm, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; style light pink, 1–3.5 mm, stigma subclavate to obscurely 4-lobed, 0.4–0.6 × 0.4–0.5 mm, surrounded by longer anthers. |
nodding to suberect; buds 2–5 × 1–2.5 mm; pedicel 6–12(–18) mm, exceeding subtending bracts; floral tube 0.5–1.1 × 0.6–1.3 mm, with or without sparse ring of hairs at mouth inside; sepals green or flushed purple, 1.1–1.8 × 0.6–1.2 mm; petals white, sometimes flushed pink, 2.2–4.5 × 1.4–2.5 mm, apical notch 0.5–0.7 mm; filaments white or light pink, those of longer stamens 4–5 mm, those of shorter ones 2–3 mm; anthers cream, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm; ovary 8–18 mm, subglabrous to strigillose; style white, 2.5–3.5mm, stigma clavate, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1 mm, surrounded by anthers. |
Capsules | 9–28 mm, surfaces strigillose and glandular puberulent; pedicel 3–10 mm. |
erect, often reddish purple, 20–42 mm, surfaces sparsely strigillose; pedicel 25–40 mm. |
Seeds | obovoid, without constriction, 0.9–1.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, low chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm wide, brown, surface reticulate; coma easily detached, white, 2.5–3 mm. |
narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.1–1.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, with distinct chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, light brown, surface rugose or reticulate; coma persistent, dull white, 5–7 mm. |
2n | = 26. |
= 36. |
Epilobium minutum |
Epilobium arcticum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Open, dry places, along roads, disturbed areas. | Boggy, wet meadows, along streams, seepage slopes, depressions of low-center polygons. |
Elevation | 90–1900 m. (300–6200 ft.) | 50–500 m. (200–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; BC
|
AK; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; Europe (n Russia) |
Discussion | Epilobium minutum, like the similar E. foliosum, also occasionally produces cleistogamous flowers, and is modally autogamous in any event. S. R. Seavey et al. (1977b) observed that E. minutum is less common than E. foliosum in the southern part of their overlapping ranges and more common in the north. Several sheets (for example, Lawler 3276, California, Butte Co. [MO]; Nelson & Gordon 5573, California, Trinity Co. [MO]) mention that the plants were growing on serpentine soil. The earliest collection of this species appears to be one made by Archibald Menzies in 1792–1794 under the name E. palustre (BM). Crossostigma lindleyi Spach (a substitute name for Epilobium minutum) and E. lindleyi (Spach) Rydberg are illegitimate names that pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium arcticum has the most northern distribution in the genus, occurring almost exclusively above the Arctic Circle (about 66ºN) in Alaska, Canada, coastal Greenland north of 69ºN, and the Russian Federation, although it apparently is absent from northern Europe (P. H. Raven 1968). Epilobium arcticum has often been combined or confused with E. davuricum, but they differ in size, leaf shape and size, and seed size, as well as in distribution (S. G. Aiken et al., http://nature.ca/aaflora/data). Most populations of E. arcticum occur at (62–)67–80ºN, in the Tundra zone, often on the islands of the Arctic Archipelago (especially Axel Heiberg, Baffin, and Ellesmere islands). Most populations of E. davuricum, on the other hand, occur south of the Arctic Circle in the Boreal and Taiga zones, and rarely, if ever, on those islands. Because Epilobium arcticum grows at latitudes with extremely short growing seasons, plants often commence flowering at the second or third most-proximal node. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Crossostigma | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. minutum var. canescens | E. davuricum subsp. arcticum, E. davuricum var. arcticum |
Name authority | Lindley in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 207. (1832) | Samuelsson: Bot. Not. 1922: 160, fig. 1. (1922) |
Web links |
|