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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle

brook spike-primrose, brook willowherb, narrow boisduvalia, stiff spikeprimrose, Torrey's epilobium, Torrey's willowherb

Habit Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. Herbs with taproot.
Stems

erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles.

erect, terete, (1–)4–65 cm, usually with several erect or ascending virgate branches proximally or simple, densely villous, sometimes mixed strigillose, or sometimes subglabrous.

Leaves

opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile;

blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally;

bracts not much reduced.

opposite only in proximal pairs, distally alternate, subsessile, blade linear-lanceolate to very narrowly elliptic, 0.5–4.5 × 0.2–0.3(–0.6) cm, usually longer than internodes, base cuneate, margins subentire to sparsely serrulate, 2–5 low teeth per side, lateral veins obscure, 2–5 per side, apex acute, surfaces subglabrous proximally to densely villous and/or strigillose distally;

bracts slightly reduced.

Inflorescences

erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent.

erect spikes, simple or sparsely branched, ± densely villous and/or strigillose.

Flowers

erect;

buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

pedicel 5–12 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose;

petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm;

anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

erect, often initiating in most proximal nodes, usually cleistogamous;

buds 0.8–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm;

floral tube 0.4–1 × 0.6–1.2 mm, ring of lax hairs near base inside;

sepals 0.7–2 × 0.4–0.8 mm;

petals pink with darker veins or white, 1.2–3.2 × 0.9–1.8 mm, apical notch 0.4–1 mm;

filaments pale pink, those of longer stamens 0.4–1.8 mm, those of shorter ones 0.3–1 mm;

anthers 0.3–0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apiculate;

ovary 3–6 mm, densely pubescent;

style pale pink, 1.2–2.8 mm, stigma clavate to subcapitate or irregularly 4-lobed, 0.5–1.2 ×0.3–0.6 mm, surrounded by longer anthers.

Capsules

straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose;

pedicel 10–35 mm.

cylindrical to subfusiform, terete to slightly 4-angled, (6–)8–14 × 1.1–2 mm, beak 2–3 mm, central column disintegrating, villous;

sessile.

Seeds

narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose;

coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm.

3–6 per locule, irregularly angular-oblong or fusiform, 0.9–1.6 × 0.4–0.9 mm, chalazal collar absent, brown, surface irregularly reticulate.

2n

= 36.

= 18.

Epilobium leptophyllum

Epilobium torreyi

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. Moist places along stream banks, seasonal streambeds, seeps, and roadside ditches, often in gravelly red or granite soil.
Elevation 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) 0–2600 m. (0–8500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits.

Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925).

Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium torreyi is an annual species that has a unique gametic chromosome number of n = 9, the lowest found in the genus. Its morphological similarity to Epilobium pallidum (n = 10) suggested to P. H. Raven and D. M. Moore (1965) that E. torreyi may be an aneuploid derivative of E. pallidum or a close relative.

No natural hybrids among species of sect. Pachydium have been reported, but in fact such plants might be difficult to detect. S. R. Seavey (1992) was able to form hybrids, but they were highly sterile. Nevertheless, hybridization between species with n = 9 and n = 10, followed by polyploidization, may well have given rise to the South American species of this section, Epilobium subdentatum (n = 19).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Pachydium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum
Synonyms E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum Oenothera torreyi, Boisduvalia parviflora, B. stricta, B. torreyi, Gayophytum strictum, Oenothera densiflora var. tenella
Name authority Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) (S. Watson) Hoch & P. H. Raven: Phytologia 73: 458. (1993)
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