Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium smithii |
|
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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle |
Smith's willowherb |
|
Habit | Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. | Herbs with sprawling, wiry underground soboles with brownish tan scalelike leaves, arising from semi-woody extended caudex. |
Stems | erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles. |
10–30+, ascending to erect, clumped, terete, 6–35 cm, usually simple, rarely slightly branched distally, strigillose throughout, especially on raised lines decurrent from margins of petioles, densely glandular puberulent distally. |
Leaves | opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile; blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally; bracts not much reduced. |
opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole 0–5 mm; blade dark or grayish green, lanceolate to subovate, 1–3.8 × 0.3–1.5 cm, base attenuate proximally to rounded distally, margins low-denticulate with 4–15 teeth per side, lateral veins usually indistinct, 2–5 per side, apex subacute to blunt, surfaces sparsely glandular puberulent on margins and veins; bracts scarcely reduced. |
Inflorescences | erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent. |
erect or sometimes nodding in bud, short racemes, glandular puberulent. |
Flowers | erect; buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm; pedicel 5–12 mm; floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose; petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm; filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm; anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm; ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers. |
few, erect or sometimes slightly nodding in bud; buds 3–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm; pedicel 5–10 mm; floral tube 1–2.2 × 1.2–2.2 mm, with raised ring of sparse hairs at mouth inside; sepals often red along margins, lanceolate, 3–4.8 × 1–2.1 mm, abaxial surface scattered mixed glandular puberulent and strigillose; petals dark pink to rose-purple, obcordate, (3–)5–7 × (2–)3–4.5 mm, apical notch 1–2.5 mm; filaments pale pink, those of longer stamens 2.4–4.2 mm, those of shorter ones 1.2–2.6 mm; anthers pale yellow, 0.5–1.1 × 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary 15–22(–26) mm, densely glandular puberulent; style cream, 2.5–3.5 mm, often with scattered hairs near base, stigma clavate to subcapitate, 0.8–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm, surrounded by longer anthers. |
Capsules | straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose; pedicel 10–35 mm. |
24–65 mm, surfaces glandular puberulent; pedicel 10–30 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose; coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, (1.2–)1.4–1.7 × 0.4–0.7 mm, chalazal collar conspicuous, 0.08–0.15 ×0.15–0.25 mm, light brown, surface densely irregular papillose; coma persistent, dull white, 6–12 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium smithii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. | Moist talus or scree slopes, crevices of rocky outcrops, often on south-facing subalpine to alpine slopes. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) | (1000–)1500–3000 m. ((3300–)4900–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
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MT; UT; WA; AB; BC |
Discussion | The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits. Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925). Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium smithii has a restricted distribution, relatively abundant on the Olympic Peninsula (Washington) and Vancouver Island (British Columbia) and more scattered across northern Washington to the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park in Montana and adjacent Alberta. A single collection from the Uinta Mountains in Utah suggests that the range may be larger. Although Epilobium smithii has been generally ignored, it differs strikingly from most other species of Epilobium by virtue of being densely glandular puberulent all around the upper stems. It is most similar to E. clavatum, with which some authors combined it and with which it may be closely related in the CC chromosome group. Collections of Epilobium smithii are often mixed and include other species such as E. anagallifolium, E. clavatum, and E. lactiflorum, and less often E. leptocarpum and E. mirabile, the range of which all overlap with that of E. smithii. Despite the observed sympatry of these species, their similarity in floral features, and their capacity to hybridize (S. R. Seavey and P. H. Raven 1978), few obvious hybrids have been found. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum | E. clavatum var. glareosum, E. glareosum |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) | H. Léveillé: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 8. (1908) |
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