Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium palustre |
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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle |
marsh willow-herb, marsh willowweed, swamp willowherb, épilobe palustre |
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Habit | Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. | Herbs with multiple filiform epigeous stolons with widely spaced, small leaves, terminating in condensed, dark, small turions 3–7 × 2–3 mm. |
Stems | erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles. |
erect, loosely clustered, terete, 5–80 cm, simple to well branched, subglabrous on proximal internodes, sometimes with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, densely strigillose distally. |
Leaves | opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile; blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally; bracts not much reduced. |
opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, subsessile; blade lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to sublinear, 1.5–7 × 0.2–1.9 cm, base cuneate, margins entire or inconspicuously denticulate, 2–6 teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces strigillose abaxially, subglabrous adaxially or strigillose only on margins and veins; bracts smaller and narrower. |
Inflorescences | erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent. |
nodding in bud, later erect, racemes, not branched, densely strigillose, rarely mixed sparsely glandular puberulent. |
Flowers | erect; buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm; pedicel 5–12 mm; floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose; petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm; filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm; anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm; ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers. |
erect to spreading; buds 2–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm; pedicel 8–12 mm; floral tube 0.6–1.8 × 1.3–2.2 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 1.4–4.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, abaxial surface strigillose; petals usually white, rarely pink, 2–9 × 1.8–5 mm, obcordate, apical notch 0.6–1.6 mm; filaments cream or white, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.4–2.1 mm; anthers 0.4–1 × 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary 12–35 mm, strigillose; style cream, 1.5–4.5 mm, stigma clavate to cylindrical, entire, 0.8–2 × 0.5–1.4 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers. |
Capsules | straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose; pedicel 10–35 mm. |
straight or upcurved, 25–90 mm, surfaces strigillose; pedicel 15–35(–60) mm. |
Seeds | narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose; coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm. |
elliptic, attenuate to narrowly fusiform, 1.4–2.2 × 0.4–0.5 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.25 mm, conspicuous, surface finely papillose; coma persistent, white, 5–7 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium palustre |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. | Low, boggy areas, swamps, saturated stream banks, mossy meadows. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) | 0–1000(–2600) m. (0–3300(–8500) ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
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AK; CA; CO; CT; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NH; NJ; NY; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; n Eurasia; c Eurasia
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Discussion | The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits. Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925). Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium palustre is an extremely widespread circumboreal species that is relatively common from Alaska across Canada, especially around the Great Lakes to the Maritime provinces (mostly below 1000 m). This species is somewhat less common in the northeastern United States, and only scattered in the mountains of the western United States, south to California and Colorado (to 3000 m). It also occurs in ice-free regions of Greenland south of 70º north latitude, in northern and central Europe, across most of subarctic Russia to the Caucasus, the Himalaya complex, and eastern Asia, including Japan and the Russian Far East. Epilobium palustre shows considerable variation across its very wide distribution and, not surprisingly, distinctive local races, which sometimes have been named formally, including several from northeastern North America. Within series Palustriformes by C. Haussknecht (1884), M. L. Fernald (1944d) clarified much confusion in names at that time, clearly delineating and establishing the nomenclature of E. davuricum, E. leptophyllum, E. palustre, and E. densum. Fernald also recognized E. nesophilum (see discussion under 18. E. leptophyllum) and E. pylaieanum, the latter based on small plants of E. palustre from southern Newfoundland. Epilobium lineare Muhlenberg and E. palustre var. albiflorum Lehmann are illegitimate names that pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum | Chamaenerion palustre, E. molle var. sabulonense, E. nesophilum var. lupulinum, E. nesophilum var. sabulonense, E. oliganthum, E. palustre var. albescens, E. palustre var. grammadophyllum, E. palustre var. lapponicum, E. palustre var. longirameum, E. palustre var. oliganthum, E. palustre var. sabulonense, E. pylaieanum, E. wyomingense |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 348. (1753) |
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