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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle

Grant's Pass willowherb, Oregon fireweed, Oregon willowherb

Habit Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. Herbs with leafy basal rosettes or short shoots.
Stems

erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles.

several to many, ascending or erect, terete, loosely clumped, 40–100 cm, usually well-branched apically, ± glabrous and glaucous proximal to inflorescence, without distinct raised lines, sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular pubescent proximally.

Leaves

opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile;

blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally;

bracts not much reduced.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole broad, 1–3 mm;

blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 3–9 × 0.7–2.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins finely serrulate, 20–40 teeth per side, veins reddish green, conspicuous, 6–10 per side, apex acute, surfaces glabrous and often glaucous, crowded proximally;

bracts much reduced and narrower.

Inflorescences

erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent.

erect racemes or open panicles, often branched, glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose.

Flowers

erect;

buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

pedicel 5–12 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose;

petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm;

anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

erect;

buds 5–8 × 2–3.5 mm, often with stigma exserted;

pedicel 2–4 mm;

floral tube 2–3 × 1.8–3 mm, with ring of spreading hairs near base of tube inside;

sepals often flushed red, 6–10 × 2.1–2.8 mm, abaxial surface mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent;

petals dark pink to rose-purple, (6–)10–15 × 4.5–6 mm, apical notch 2.6–3 mm;

filaments cream or light pink, those of longer stamens 6–8 mm, those of shorter ones 3.5–4.5 mm;

anthers cream or yellow, 1–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm;

ovary 20–25 mm, densely glandular puberulent and mixed strigillose;

style cream or yellow, 9–13 mm, stigma broadly and sometimes irregularly 4-lobed, 1–1.5 × 2.1–2.9 mm, exserted beyond anthers.

Capsules

straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose;

pedicel 10–35 mm.

25–45 mm, surfaces mixed sparsely glandular puberulent and strigillose, often with reduced fertile seed set;

pedicel 3–6 mm.

Seeds

narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose;

coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm.

narrowly obovoid, 0.9–1.3 × 0.4–0.5 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.15 × 0.2–0.25 mm, gray-brown, surface with conspicuous parallel longitudinal ridges of laterally flattened papillae;

coma readily detached, white, 4–6 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Epilobium leptophyllum

Epilobium oreganum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jul–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. Damp seeps, swampy areas, stream banks.
Elevation 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) 200–500 m. (700–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits.

Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925).

Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium oreganum is endemic to a small region of southern Oregon (Douglas and Josephine counties, mainly from Grants Pass south along the Illinois River) and northern California (Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Tehama, and Trinity counties, especially along the South Fork of the Trinity and Klamath rivers).

Epilobium oreganum is the only other species that shares the distinctive ridged seeds found also in E. ciliatum, and looks quite similar to that species; both also have the AA chromosomal arrangement. However, it differs from E. ciliatum in being generally glabrous and glaucous, and by having exserted 4-lobed stigmas. W. Trelease (1891) and later P. A. Munz (1965) considered E. oreganum to be of hybrid origin, the presumptive parents being E. glaberrimum (glabrous) and so called E. adenocaulon (= E. ciliatum; ridged seeds). Some specimens have notably reduced seed set; whether that is the result of a hybrid origin, a failure to outcross in a plant with a very exserted stigma, or to another cause is not clear. The exact affinities of E. oreganum are uncertain, but it occupies a restricted and distinctive ecogeographical range and has a unique combination of morphological features.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum E. glaucum, E. brevistylum var. exaltatum, E. californicum var. exaltatum, E. exaltatum, Lehmann var. var. e., E. subcaesium
Name authority Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) Greene: Pittonia 1: 225. (1887)
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