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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle

dwarf willowherb, obscure willow-herb

Habit Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. Herbs with elongated, leafy epigeal stolons.
Stems

erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles.

erect or ascending, subterete, 20–80 cm, often well branched from base, sometimes also distally, subglabrous proximal to inflorescence with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, strigillose distally.

Leaves

opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile;

blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally;

bracts not much reduced.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole 0–2 mm;

blade green or slightly bluish green, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1.5–10 × 0.4–1.8 cm, ± shorter than internodes, base rounded to attenuate, margins denticulate with 15–40 evenly spaced teeth per side, veins prominent, 3–7 per side, apex subacute, surfaces sparsely strigillose, mainly on margins and veins;

bracts gradually reduced.

Inflorescences

erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent.

erect racemes or sparse panicles, strigillose.

Flowers

erect;

buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

pedicel 5–12 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose;

petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm;

anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

erect;

buds 2–5 × 1–2.5 mm;

pedicel 2–14 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1 × 1.1–1.5 mm, conspicuous ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside, mixed strigillose and sparse glandular puberulent externally;

sepals lanceolate, somewhat keeled, 2.5–4 × 1–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose;

petals rose-purple, 3.5–6 × 1.8–3 mm, apical notch 0.8–1.4 mm;

filaments pale pink, those of longer stamens 2–2.2 mm, those of shorter ones 0.8–1.3 mm;

anthers yellow, 0.7–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

ovary 12–38 mm, strigillose;

style white, 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous, stigma clavate, 1.5–2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, surrounded by longer anthers.

Capsules

straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose;

pedicel 10–35 mm.

40–70 mm, surfaces strigillose;

pedicel 4–16 mm.

Seeds

narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose;

coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm.

narrowly obovoid, 0.9–1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, brown, surface coarsely papillose;

coma readily detached, dull white, 4–5 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Epilobium leptophyllum

Epilobium obscurum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. Ruderal areas, banks of ditches, streams, edges of swampy areas.
Elevation 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) 0–200[–500] m. (0–700[–1600] ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MI; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Chile), Africa (Morocco), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (Tasmania)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits.

Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925).

Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium obscurum, native throughout Europe and the European part of Russia except the far north, to Turkey and the Azores, is one of several Eurasian species that has naturalized in North America, following multiple early introductions around east coast port cities, and later around the Great Lakes. E. G. Voss(1972–1996, vol. 2) reported a collection of E. obscurum made in 1927 in Michigan near Detroit, but despite efforts by Voss and others, no additional collections of this species have been detected in that area, suggesting that it failed to become naturalized there.

In the Pacific Northwest, W. Suksdorf grew and collected at least six European taxa in his garden in Bingen (Klickitat County, Washington); this included E. obscurum (as early as 1922) but none of those taxa became naturalized. However, one or more independent new introductions in the Seattle (P. Zika, pers. comm.) and Vancouver (F. Lomer, pers. comm.) regions appear to be more persistent and the species should be considered naturalized there.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum
Name authority Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) Schreber: Spic. Fl. Lips., 147, [155]. (1771)
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