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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle

heart willowweed, rock fringe, rockfringe willowherb, rose willowherb

Habit Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. Herbs ± suffruticose, wiry shoots from woody caudex with barklike periderm extending to 25 cm below ground, shoots with scaly bases.
Stems

erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles.

many, decumbent to ascending, clumped or cespitose, green to grayish green, terete, 5–15 cm, branched mainly proximally, subglabrous and ± glaucous proximal to inflorescence, ± canescent distally or throughout.

Leaves

opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile;

blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally;

bracts not much reduced.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, usually crowded and exceeding internodes, subsessile or petiole 1–2 mm;

blade green or grayish green, usually broadly lanceolate-elliptic to ovate or obovate, rarely suborbiculate, 0.6–2.4 × 0.4–1.3(–1.9) cm, base rounded to subcordate, margins low denticulate, 4–9 teeth per side, veins indistinct, 4–7 per side, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, surfaces usually subglabrous, rarely canescent, especially on margins and veins;

bracts much reduced.

Inflorescences

erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent.

ascending to erect, sparse racemes or loose panicles, ± densely canescent and glandular puberulent.

Flowers

erect;

buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

pedicel 5–12 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose;

petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm;

anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

erect;

buds 7–13 × 3–5 mm, apex acute, sometimes with stigma exserted;

pedicel 3–10 mm;

floral tube 3.2–5.5 × 2.2–4.2 mm, slightly raised ring of spreading hairs0.4–1 mm from base inside;

sepals (5–)8.5–14 ×1.8–2.9 mm;

petals pink to rose-purple, obcordate, (12–)15–26 × (7–)9–14.6 mm, apical notch 2.5–7.2 mm;

filaments cream to pink, those of longer stamens 8.5–16 mm, those of shorter ones 5.5–11 mm;

anthers cream-yellow, 1.6–2.9 × 0.6–1.3 mm;

ovary 9–22 mm, usually canescent and glandular puberulent, rarely subglabrous;

style cream to light pink, 11–23 mm, glabrous, stigma deeply 4-lobed, 1–1.5 × 2.2–4.5 mm, exserted beyond anthers.

Capsules

straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose;

pedicel 10–35 mm.

straight, subclavate, 16–40 mm, surfaces canescent and glandular puberulent;

pedicel 5–15 mm.

Seeds

narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose;

coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm.

narrowly obovoid, 1.4–2.1 × 0.6–0.9 mm, with low chalazal collar 0.4–0.5 mm wide, light or grayish brown, surface papillose;

coma easily detached, tawny, 5–9 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Epilobium leptophyllum

Epilobium obcordatum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. Dry, rocky montane or alpine ridges, basaltic cliffs, along edges of talus or gravel slopes.
Elevation 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) 1900–4000 m. (6200–13100 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; NV; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits.

Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925).

Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium obcordatum is an uncommon but relatively widespread and very characteristic species of the high Sierra Nevada, extending to scattered high ranges in northeastern Nevada, Idaho, and southeastern Oregon (Steens Mountains). Its low, clumped habit, dense green and often glaucous foliage, and large flowers make it one of the more attractive species of the genus, with considerable potential as a cultivated plant in rock gardens. Although it bears some general morphological similarities with two species in western North America, E. rigidum and E. siskiyouense, as discussed under those taxa, E. obcordatum also bears close resemblance to E. nankotaizanense Yamamoto, an alpine endemic from Taiwan, China (Chen C. J. et al. 1992). It is uncertain whether they are actually related or have evolved similar morphologies independently in similar high montane habitats on either side of the north Pacific.

Little has been reported on the pollination biology of Epilobium obcordatum, but its large flowers with marked protandry and herkogamy strongly suggest that the plants are outcrossing, probably pollinated by large bees.

Epilobium obcordatum shows considerable morphological variation, especially in leaf shape (ranging from narrowly ovate to orbiculate) and pubescence pattern. In the latter, plants mainly in the Sierra Nevada have stems glabrous and often glaucous below the inflorescence and mixed canescent and glandular puberulent distally. Plants mainly in Idaho and Nevada have stems sparsely to moderately canescent and inflorescences densely mixed canescent and glandular puberulent. But some collections, including the type of E. obcordatum var. puberulum, are mixed, and these pubescence differences do not correlate with other morphological or eco-geographical characters.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum E. obcordatum var. puberulum
Name authority Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 532. (1865)
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