Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium nivium |
|
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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle |
Snow Mountain willowherb |
|
Habit | Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. | Herbs with many shoots from thick, woody caudex 5–12 mm diam.. |
Stems | erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles. |
erect or ascending, terete, 10–25 cm, sparsely branched distally, densely grayish white-strigillose. |
Leaves | opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile; blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally; bracts not much reduced. |
subsessile or petioles 0.5–2.5 mm, blade elliptic or narrowly so to lanceolate, often folded along midrib, 0.9–1.8 × 0.3–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to cuneate, margins subentire or low denticulate, 1–3 low teeth per side, lateral veins inconspicuous, 1–3 per side, apex blunt to acute with conspicuous dark brown mucronate tip, surfaces densely spreading-hairy; bracts very reduced, attached to pedicel 1–2 mm from base. |
Inflorescences | erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent. |
erect open racemes or panicles, densely spreading-hairy. |
Flowers | erect; buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm; pedicel 5–12 mm; floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose; petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm; filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm; anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm; ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers. |
erect; buds 6–8 × 2.5–3.2 mm; floral tube 5.2–9.5 × 2.4–3.2 mm, constriction 4–6 mm distal to base, base ± bulbous, spreading-hairy from mouth nearly to base inside; sepals 2.7–4.2 × 1.6–2 mm, abaxial surface densely villous and glandular puberulent; petals rose-purple, 6–9.5 ×3.8–6.2 mm, apical notch 1.5–2.5 mm; filaments light pink, those of longer stamens 5–6.5 mm, those of shorter ones 3–3.5 mm; anthers 1.3–2.1 × 0.6–0.9 mm, apiculate; ovary 2.5–4.5 mm, densely villous and glandular puberulent; style pinkish cream, 11–17 mm, glabrous, stigma 4-lobed, 0.8–1 × 1.1–2.1 mm, lobes often not spread and then cuplike, usually exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose; pedicel 10–35 mm. |
fusiform, 8–16 mm, surfaces glandular puberulent; pedicel 2–5 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose; coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm. |
obovoid to broadly so, with slight constriction 0.4–0.6 mm from micropylar end, 1.5–2.4 × 0.8–1.3 mm, inconspicuous chalazal collar, dark brown, surface papillose; coma easily detached, dingy white, 6.5–7.5 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 30. |
Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium nivium |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering late Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. | Crevices in rocky outcrops, shale or talus slopes, with scrub oak (Quercus), Abies concolor, and Pinus jeffreyi. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) | 1600–2400 m. (5200–7900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
|
CA |
Discussion | The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits. Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925). Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium nivium has an extremely restricted range, mainly in the Snow Mountain region of Colusa and Lake counties, but recent collections from Mendocino and southern Trinity counties have extended its range several hundred km to the north. Many collections, notably including the type gathering, have strikingly woody bases, suggesting that these are long-lived plants. Like E. nevadense and some other species in the genus that characteristically grow on scree slopes, the lower part of the stems often lack leaves, which may be abraded by movement of the rocky substrate. As reported by S. R. Seavey and P. H. Raven (1977c) and also noted on some herbarium labels, capsules of Epilobium nivium sometimes show signs of possible seed predation by moth larvae as reported for E. nevadense. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Cordylophorum > subsect. Petrolobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum | |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) | Brandegee: Zoë 3: 242, plate 24. (1892) |
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