Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium montanum |
|
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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle |
broad-leaf willow-herb, tooth willow-herb, willowherb |
|
Habit | Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. | Herbs with short, basal stolons terminating in fleshy or leafy rosettes at, or just below, ground level. |
Stems | erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles. |
erect, terete, (5–)20–95 cm, often well branched, especially distally, densely strigillose proximal to inflorescence, without decurrent lines, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally. |
Leaves | opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile; blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally; bracts not much reduced. |
opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole 1–6 mm; blade dark green, narrowly ovate to ovate, 3–8 × 1.5–3.4 cm, subequal to internodes, base broadly cuneate to truncate, margins irregularly serrulate with 20–30 teeth per side, veins prominent, 3–5 per side, apex acuminate to acute, surfaces strigillose, especially along veins and margins; bracts much reduced. |
Inflorescences | erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent. |
nodding to erect, racemes or loose panicles, strigillose and glandular puberulent. |
Flowers | erect; buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm; pedicel 5–12 mm; floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose; petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm; filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm; anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm; ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers. |
erect; buds 4–5x 1.5–3 mm; pedicel 2–18 mm; floral tube 1.2–2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, conspicuous ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals often flushed red, keeled, 5–6.5 × 1.2–1.7 mm, abaxial surface strigillose and glandular puberulent; petals rose-purple, obcordate, 7.5–10 × 4–5.5 mm, apical notch 2.7–4.2 mm; filaments light pink, those of longer stamens 3.5–5.5 mm, those of shorter ones 1.5–2.4 mm; anthers yellow, 1–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm; ovary 20–30 mm, strigillose and glandular puberulent; style rose-purple to white, 3.5–7.5 mm, glabrous or with scattered long hairs near base, stigma deeply 4-lobed, 1.5–2 × 2.5–4 mm, lobes 1.2–1.8 mm, exserted beyond or, sometimes, surrounded by anthers. |
Capsules | straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose; pedicel 10–35 mm. |
40–80 mm, surfaces strigillose and glandular puberulent; pedicel 8–20 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose; coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm. |
obovoid, 1–1.2 × 0.4–0.5 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, 0.6–0.8 mm wide, brown, surface coarsely papillose; coma readily detached, dull white, 5–6 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium montanum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. | Moist rocky banks, gravelly slopes, open woods, disturbed or waste areas. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) | 0–150[–1500] m. (0–500[–4900] ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
|
ME; BC; NF; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (New Zealand)] |
Discussion | The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits. Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925). Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium montanum is native and widely distributed throughout Europe and in Asia at least as far east as the Ural Mountains and the Caucasus, and in Japan (A. W. Lievens and P. C. Hoch 1999). It also is questionably naturalized on Campbell Island, New Zealand (P. H. Raven and T. E. Raven 1976). Although E. montanum was first collected in 1894 in the vicinity of St. John’s, Newfoundland, and clearly naturalized in that area, it does not appear to have spread appreciably in eastern North America, unlike European adventives such as E. hirsutum or E. parviflorum. The collection by F. C. Seymour in 1971 in Maine may be an independent introduction. Collections of E. montanum in the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden in Vancouver appeared to have been ephemeral, but more recent collections in ruderal areas in that region suggest that it has naturalized there. Like other European introductions, E. montanum has the BB chromosome arrangement (S. R. Seavey and P. H. Raven 1977). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum | Chamaenerion montanum |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 348. (1753) |
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